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1定语从句专题一、定语从句中关系词选择的总体原则1.要与先行词保持类属（指人指物）上的一致。2.要以先行词在定语从句中（绝不是主句）中所充当的句子成分，即所起的作用而定。先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语、表语和状语。3.要以定语从句的种类而定，是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。现列表归纳如下：指人指物限定从句主语定语宾语主语定语宾语状语时间地点原因方式whothatwhosewhowhomthatthatwhichaswhosethatwhichaswhenwherewhy/forwhichthat/inwhich/不填非限定语从句whowhosewhowhomwhichaswhosewhichaswhenwhere备注：非限制性定语从句中，指代主句句意时用which/as,但注意区分。that不能于非限制性定语从句。二、关系代词和关系副词的用法：（一）关系代词的用法：1.who指人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，在限制性定语从句中做宾语时可省略。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.（主语）Theman(who/whom)youmetjustnowismyfriend.（宾语）2.whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，在限制性定语从句中常可省略。Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.Mr.Lingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，在限制性定语从句中做宾语时可省略。1)在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中，指代前面某个名词。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.（主语）Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.（宾语）LastnightwewenttoAnn’sparty,whichweenjoyedverymuch.（宾语）2)在非限制性定语从句中，指代前面句意。Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.（主语）4.that在限制性定语从句中指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.(主语)Whereistheman(that/whom/who)Isawthismorning?（宾语）Ilikethebook(that/which)hegaveme.（宾语）△注意:that不能用于非限制性定语从句。5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语来修饰名词,其常用结构为：whomwhomwhose+名词=the+名词+of+=of++the+名词whichwhich(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(3)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.ofwhichthedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.6.as引导定语从句时的用法1）as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…as,such…as,as…as…,so…as…结构中。as在定语从句2中可作主语、宾语或表语。如：(1)Ihavethesamebookasyouhave.(2)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.(3)Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.注意：(1)先行词被thesame修饰时，关系代词可用as也可用that，但意义不同，前者是“同样的”，后者是“同一的”。试比较：ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.这是我昨天借给你的那种书。ThisisthesamebookthatIlentyouyesterday.这是我昨天借给你的那本书。(2)区别such…that…引导的结果状语从句。试比较：Theyaresuchlovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch.（结果状语从句）Theyaresuchlovelychildrenaswelovemuch.（定语从句）2）as引导非限制性定语从句指代句意，as有“正如……，正像……，”的意思，既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用于下列句型：asoftenhappened正如经常发生的那样asisoftenthecase这是常有的事；情况常是这样asisexpected像所期待的那样aseverybodycansee正如人人都明白的那样ascanbeseen正如大家所知道的那样asisknowntoall众所周知asyouknow正如你（们）所知道的那样例如：(1)AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.(2)Hewaslateforschool,asoftenhappened.（二）关系副词的用法：1.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.2.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.3.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语,先行词为reason(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：1）关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换（但不能全部逆推,注意介词的选用）。(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.(3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/whereIwasborn.2）若表时间，地点，原因的先行词在从句中做主语或宾语时，要用关系代词that或which(1)Thisistheday(that/which)weneverforget.(2)I’llneverforgetthedaysthat/whichmademeverysad.(3)Theyworkinafactorythat/whichmakesradioparts.(4)Thisisthehouse(that/which)wevisitedlastyear.(5)Doyoubelievethereason(that)Tomgaveyou?(6)I’msurethatsomeonewilltellmethereason(that)youhaven’ttoldme.四、关系代词that/which,who/that,who/whom,as/which的区分（一）that/which1.限制性定语从句中只能用that不用which的几种情况1)当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.2)当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时或被形容词最高级修饰时Thefirstthatshouldbedoneistogetthebook.ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.4)当先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,justthe修饰时ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.5)当先行词前面有疑问代词which时WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6)当先行词既有人，也有物时Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyknew.7)当先行词为what时Whatdidhesaythatcouldmakeyousoangry?8)当先行词为time(次)，且前有序数词或last修饰时，只用that或省略Thisisthelasttime(that)Ishallgiveyoualetter.Thefirsttime(that)Isawhimwaslastyear.9)在以Here+be或There+be开始的句子中Hereistheplacethatyou’vebeenlookingfor.2.只用which不用that的情况1）指物：（1）介词提前时（见介词提前的定语从句）（2）非限制性定语从句中（见非限制性定语从句）2）先行词为“that”，特别是在谚语中(1)Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.(2)Thatwhichisevilissoonlearned.(坏事易学。)（二）who/that1.只用who的情况1)引导非限制性定语从句Hismother,whowastired,gavehimalesson.2）当先行词为one,ones,any,anyone,all,this,that,these,those等或被all,this,that,these,those等修饰且指人时，多用who/whom如：Allwhocameheremustwait.Anymanwhohasasenseofdutywon'tdosuchathing.3）当先行词为I,he,you,they等且指人时,多用who/whomI,whoamyourfriend,oftenseeyouplayingbasketball.He,whodoesn’treachtheGreatWall,isnotatrueman.Hewhoplayswithfiregetsburned.4）一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个用了that,另一个为避免重复，须用whoThestudentthatwaspraisedyesterdayisourmonitorwhoworksveryhard.2.只用that的情况1)前面出现先行词who或有疑问词who时，只用that不用whoWhothathassenseofhonourcandosuchabadthing?Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?3)当先行词中同时含有人