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一、一般规定：1.1安全教育交底制度SafetyTrainingandDisclosureSystem针对洞内作业特点，施工前要对从事管理和生产的施工人员进行全面的安全教育，重点针对现场人员、班组长和从事特殊作业的操作人员和新职工。Basedonthecharacteristicsofworksinsidetunnel,allmanagersandworkers,especiallysitepersonnel,teamleaders,theoperatorsinspecialoperationsandnewworkersshallbetrainedcomprehensivelyinsafetybeforeconstruction.隧洞开挖开始以前，召开一次安全会议，对员工进行隧洞施工安全知识和具体危害的教育，这对以前有没有隧洞或较少经验的工人尤为重要。Beforetheexcavationofthetunnel,onesafetyconferenceshallbeheldsothatsafetyeducationontheknowledgeoftunnelconstructionsafetyanddetailedhazardshallbecarriedoutamongconstructionpersonnel.Thisisveryimportant,especiallyfortheworkerswithoutorwithlittleexperienceinthetunnelconstruction.隧洞开挖过程中，每一个工序施工前，必须逐级向作业人员进行安全技术交底，交底人和被交底人应在交底书上签字，同时并定员检查、跟踪隧洞施工，及时反馈信息。Duringthetunnelexcavation,theclarificationonsafetyandtechnologyshallbemadeonalllevelsofstaffbeforeeachworkingprocedurestarts.Thetechnicalinformerandthetechnicalinformeeshallsignontheclarificationbook,whichshallbecheckedbytheassignedworkerfortrackingthetunnelconstructionandfeedingbacktheinformation.1.2安全出入洞制度GoingIn&OutofTunnelSafetySystem未经允许，非施工人员不得入内。Thenon-constructionpersonnelshallbenotpermittedtoenterintothetunnel.在洞口增设红绿警示灯，绿灯时表示正常工作状态，可进入；红灯时表示非正常状态或紧急处理状态，不可进入。Thered&greencautionlightshallbeinstalledatthetunnelportal.Thegreencautionlightmeansthenormalworkcondition,sotheconstructionpersonnelcangointothetunnel;Theredcautionlightmeanstheabnormalworksconditionortheemergency,sotheconstuctionpersonnelcannotgointothetunnel.施工进洞人员实行翻牌制：在洞口挂一块板，每个进洞的工人将其名字下的“out”一面翻过去，改成“in”的一面。出来是再反过来改成“out”的一面。Thecard-turnningsystemshallbeobservedbytheconstructionpersonnels.Oneboardwiththenameofalltheconstructionpersonnelsshallbesetupinthetunnelportal,whentheconstructionpersonnelgoesintothetunnel,heorsheshallturnhiscard“Out”into“In”ontheboard,andwhenhegoesoutofthetunnel,heshallturnhiscard“In”into“Out”.检查及其它人员实现进洞黑板制：一旦进洞，进洞人员将名字写上黑板，出洞则擦掉名字。Theblackboard-writingsystemshallbecarredoutamongtheinspectionpersonnelsandothers:oncetheygointothetunnel,theyshallwritedowntheirnamesontheblackboard,andwipetheirnamefromtheblackboardwhentheygetoutofthetunnel.1.3安全检查制度SafetyInspectionSystem每天作业前，现场工程师应组织召开班前会，班前会的内容应包括主要的安全隐患防治。Beforeconstructioneveryday,thesiteengineershallholdthepre-constructionmeeting,whichshalldealwiththemajorhiddensafetydangers.每天作业前，作业组长或工长每天应对作业面进行检查，排查隐患，现场工程师确认安全可靠后方可开始施工作业。Beforeconstructioneveryday,theteamleaderortheforemanshallcheckandremovethehiddendangersontheworkface,andtheconstructionshallbenotcarriedoutuntilthesiteengineershaveconfirmedthesafety.每天安全工程师进行定时和不定时安全巡检，每月项目部组织部门领导进行安全联合大检查。Thesiteengineersshallcarryoutregularandirregularsaferycheckeveryday,andthemanagersofeachdepartmentshallcarryoutthegeneralsafetycheckeverymonth.对业主、工程师及外来各级安全检查中发现的问题提出整改通知，以整改指令的形式发放到相关部门，随后安全工程师对整改通知中的问题进行检查以确认各个问题得到确实的改正。Therectification&improvementnoticeshallbepostedfortheproblemsfoundthroughtheinspectionbytheemployer,theengineerandalllevelsofauthority.Thenoticeshallbesenttotherelevantdepartments.Andthenthesafetyengineershallcheckandconfirmwhethertheseproblemshavebeenrectifiedornot.1.4安全交接班制度SafetyShiftRelieveSystem在每次换班开始时，应由班长检查已经开挖的整个隧洞有无已经安装支护的变形标志。在起拱线以上未喷浆的顶拱区域应用标记钢筋通过探通术来测试，至少一周一次。Beforeeveryworkshiftstarts,theteamleadershallcheckwhetherthewholetunnelhasthedeformationsignoftheinstalledsupport.Thecrownareawithoutshotcretingabovethespringinglineshallbetestedwiththemarkedsteelbyprobingatleastonetimeoneweek.隧洞作业各班组间，应建立完善的交接班制度，并将施工、安全等情况记载于交接班的记录薄内，认真作好班前观察、班中检查、班后总结工作；发现异常情况应立即撤离，在恢复正常后方可继续施工；工地值班负责人应认真检查交接班情况。Betweentheshiftoftheworkteaminthetunnel,aconsummateshiftrelievesystemshallbesetupandthesituationsrelatedwiththeconstruction,safety,etcshallberecordedintherecordbookofshiftrelieve.Theobservancebeforetheshift,checkduringtheworkandconclutionaftertheworkshallbecarriedseriously.Ifanyabnormalsituationsarefound,thepeopleshallbeevacuatedatonce,andcontinuetheworkonlyafteritbecomesnormal.Theon-dutysitechiefshallchecktheshiftrelieveseriously.1.5PPE佩戴制度WearingSystem个人防护设备：除了地面施工所需的防护设备外，所有地下施工的人员必须佩戴相应的安全防护设备如佩戴安全帽、穿反光背心及佩带手电筒等。有些特殊工种可以要求另外的个人防护用品，如手套、口罩和护目镜等。钢包头防护鞋、洞内反光背心，施工时人人必须配备。Personalprotectiveequipments(PPE):apartfromtheprotectiveequipmentsrequiredforgroundconstruction,alltheundergroundconstructionpersonnelsshallweartherelevantPPE,suchassafetyhelmet,reflectivevestandtorch.SomespecialconstructionpersonnelscanrequireforsomeotherPPE,suchasglove,mouthmask,safetygoggles,etc.Thesteeltoeshieldingshoe,reflectivevestmustbewornbytheconstructionpersonnelsduringtheconstruction.1.6不良地质处理制度PoorGeologicalConditionTreatmentSystem遇有不良地质地段施工时，应按照先治水、短开挖、弱爆破、先护顶、强支护的原则稳步前进。Incasethatundesirablegeologicalstructureisencounterredduringtheconstruction,theexcavationwillbesubjecttotheprincipleof“firstwaterregulation,shortheadway,weakblasting,firstcapping,strongsupporting”soastoensuretheconstructionproceedsonsteadily.二、洞口施工：TunnelPortalConstruction1.边坡以上的山坡松动危石应在开工前清除；施工中应经常检查，特别是在暴雨之后，发现松动危石必须立即清除。1.Theloosedangerousrockabovethesideslopeshallberemovedbeforetheconstruction.Regularcheckshallbecarriedoutduringtheconstruc