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1InterculturalCommunicationintheGlobalWorkplaceJiFengreferencebook:作者：（美）萨默瓦，波特著，闵惠泉等译出版社：中国人民大学出版社Aboutexam:Attheendofthisterm,youshouldwriteapaperlessthan2,000wordsonthe:“InterculturalCommunication”(youcanwritethepaperinChinese)TheImportanceofLearningaboutCultures?Culturalmisunderstandingsinbusinessactivitiesabroadcanbedestructivetoacompany(P2)Companiesneedtoknowthereasonswhypeoplethinkastheydoandvaluewhattheydo.Thenthewaycompaniesandpeopleactwillbecomprehensibleandevenpredictable,andcompanieswillavoidheavybusinesslossesandfailure.(P2)2Workplacesareincreasinglymulticulturalaroundtheworldasemployeesarerecruitedglobally.Intheworkplace,observablebehavioraldifferencesamongmembersofdifferentculturesshouldleadtoanunderstandingoftheWHYofculture.(P2)Session1Culture,Communication,InterculturalCommunicationImportanceofInterculturalCommunicationWhydidyouchoosethiscourse?ChancesforICarecausedbyglobalization-Spurringdevelopmentoftransportationandcommunicationsystems(shortenedtouringtime,televisionnetworks,theinternet,internationalfilmindustry)-Culturalmigrationbetweennations(multiculturalism)-Neweconomicarena(multinationalcorporations)-Ever-increasingworldpopulation(finitenaturalresources,pollution,internationalconflicts)Warmingup3Makealistofimagesfromyourhomecultureandtrytoexplainwhattheyexpressaboutwhothepeopleofyourcultureareandwhattheirrelationshipistopeoplefromothercultures.Whichimagedoyouprefer?Whichdoyouthinkaretheimagesthatmosttrulyexpresshowpeoplefeelaboutthemselvesandtheworld?LectureOutline1.Whatisculture?Moredeeply:whatthebehaviorandcustomsmeantothepeoplewhoarefollowingthemOnstageandBackstageElementsofCultureOnstagebehavior——iswhatpeoplewhoareincontactwithoneanotherfindeasiesttoobserveandreactto.Itinvolvesculturallyidentifiableactionssuchasshakinghands,bowing,orkissinguponmeeting.Onstagebehaviorincludesholidaysandtraditionalwaysofcelebratingthem,foodanddances,costumeandmusic.Itoftenwhatpeoplerefertowhenaskedtodescribeanotherculture.(P3)4Backstagebehavior——It’ssomethingthatiseasilyidentifiableandtorecognizethat“backstage”cultureisnotsovisibletosomeoneunfamiliarwithit.Althoughbackstageculturecanseemasdifficulttograspasawetfog,itholdsthereasonswhy.(P3)SirEdwardTylor’sdefinitionin1871(firstuseofthisterm):“thatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,belief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety”KroeberandKluckhohn(1952)5----Culture:ACriticalReviewofConceptsandDefinitions(listingmorethan300definitions)Porter&SamovarThedeposit（沉淀物）ofknowledge,experience,beliefs,values,attitudes,meanings,hierarchies,religion,notionsoftime,roles,spatialrelations,conceptsoftheuniverse,andmaterialobjectsandpossessionsacquiredbyagroupofpeopleinthecourseofgenerationsthroughindividualandgroupstriving.----InterculturalCommunication:AReaderBasicfunctionsofcultureCulturemakesallthingseasy.-byprovidingmeaningtoevents,objectsandpeople---makinglifelessconfusing-byprovidinguswithstructure---theskillsandrulesnecessarytoadapttoourworld6Aculturecanalsobeunderstoodasaparticularwaytosatisfyourhumanneeds.Let’sfollowAbrahamMaslow!1)Cultureislearnedconsciouslyorunconsciously:(enculturation)**throughProverbs,Folktales,Myths,andlegends“Actionsspeaklouderthanwords”“Godhelpsonewhohelpshimself”“thebabywhocriesgetsthemilk”“Thehumanlifeisdoomed”(Asia)7“Theruleishalflife”(Germany)“Thezebraeverneverdislikeitsownstripe“(Africa)**throughArte.g.BeijingOpera**throughMassMedia2)MostpartofcultureisunconsciousCultureasanicebergCanyoutellwhichofthefollowingareabovethewaterandwhicharebelow?Whatpeopleeat●Whatpeoplewear●Whatgameschildrenplay●Howtousetime○Howtointroducepeople●Howtoparticipateinceremonies●Rulesforgestures●8Rulesforfacialexpressionsandeyecontact●Etiquette●Workspeed●Whatisrightorwrong,beautifulorugly,cleanordirty,goodorbad,etc.Carparking○CaseStudyRichard,anengineerfromtheUnitedStates,wasinvitedtotaketeawithoneofhisBritishcolleagueswhilehewasinEngland.Thiswasapurelysocial,relaxedoccasion.Teawasservedalongwithsugarandcream.Ashehelpedhimselftosomesugarandcream,hesensedhehaddonesomethingwrong.Canyoutellwhatwentwrong?Oct.5,200521stCenturyChangingTastes“ThisJulyChinaDailyreportedsevereobesityaffects16to20percentChina’syoungurbanites.”“AmajorstudyreleasedbyCentreforPublicNutritionandDevelopmentlastSeptemberfoundasincomeincreases,energyintakeincreases.Butahighpercentageofthatextraenergycomesfromfat.9Andgrainsandpotatoeswereeatenless.”3)Cultureissubjecttochange4)Cultureistransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration5)Cultureisbasedonsymbols6)Cultureisintegrated7)Cultureisadaptive(acculturation)LinellDavis:fivemetaphors(tobemoreeasilyunderstood)Cultureislikeanicebergsomeisvisible(history,literature,customs)mostisinvisible(feelingsandattitudes)Cultureisoursoftwarephysicalselvesasthehardware,becomehumanwhen10programmedwiththesoftwareofcultureCultureislikethewaterafishswimsinnoticeeverythingexceptthewaterCultureisthestorywetellourselvesaboutourselvespeopletel