选修八详细知识点UNIT3

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Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元要点预览(旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点)词汇部分词语辨析1.discover/find/invent2.hope/wish/expect3.bear/endure/stand/tolerate4.setoff/setout/setabout词形变化1.mercyn.仁慈,宽容mercifuladj.宽恕的mercilessadj.残忍的;无情的2.abruptadj.突然的,意外的;唐突的,鲁莽的abruptlyadv.突然地;粗鲁地3.expectvt.期待,预期,指望expectationn.期待,预料,指望,展望unexpected.adj.想不到的,未预料unexpectedlyadv.出乎意料地,想不到地4.freezev.(使)冻结,(使)结冰n.冻结;冰冻期freezingn.冰点adj.冰冻的,严寒的/5.practisevt.&vi.实行;练习;实习practicen.练习,实习,实践,习俗practicaladj.实际的,实践的,实用的重点单词1.distinguish辨别;辨认;(常与from,between连用)区别;区分2.convenientadj.便利的,方便的3.seizevt.抓住,捉住;占据;(指强烈的感情)突然影响或控制(某人)4.filen.[c]文件;档案vt.把……归档5.hangvt.&vi.(hung;hung)悬挂,附着vt.(hanged;hanged)吊死,绞死重点词组1.callup征召;召集服兵役;唤起;使人回忆;带入心中;打电话给某人2.setaboutsth/doingsth(不用於被动语态)开始(某工作);着手做某事3.(every)nowandthen/again时而;偶尔;有时4.outoforder次序颠倒;发生故障5.getthrough用完,消耗掉;(设法)做或完成某事;通过;与某人联系6.ringback回复电话7.incase因为可能发生某事;以防万一;万一重点句型1.ThefirstthingItriedtodowastoseeiftherewereproductsthatmighthelpme,butthereonlyseemedtobepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.2.Betweentheoutsideandinsidewallsofthebowlthereissomejelly,whichfreezeshardwhencooled.重点语法复习过去分词做表语和宾语补足语(见语法部分)语言要点(模块)Ⅰ.词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)1.discover/find/invent【解释】discover表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误。find意为“发现,找到”,指对某种事物的寻求,也指对丢失的事物的找到。invent指设计或制造原来没有的东西。【练习】用discover,find,invent的适当形式填空。1).Columbus_______Americain1492.2).Youwill_______itadifficultbook.3).Whendidyou_______thatshe’smarried?4).I’ve_______thebookIwashuntingfor.5).AlexanderGrahamBell_______thetelephonein1876.Keys:1).discovered2).find3).found4).discover5).invented2.hope/wish/expect【解释】hope后面只能接不定式和that从句,表示一种有信心的可实现的希望。注意:①hope后不能接动名词作宾语,也不能用hopesb.todosth.结构。②省略答语中,not不可放在hope前,如不能说Idon’thopeso.只能说Ihopenot.wish通常表示有某种未实现或无法实现的欲望或希望,wish后跟从句时常用虚拟语气。expect表示“预期,盼望,期待,料想”,后面可跟名词、代词、不定式,that从句等。【练习】用hope,wish,expect的适当形式填空。1).We_______thatourchildrenwillcarryonourfamilytraditions.2).I_______youaveryhappyfuture.3).Whatdoyou_______metodo?4).Mostoftheparents_______muchoftheirchildren.5).Iam_______aletterfromher.6).I________Iwerereallywealthy.Keys:1).hope2).wish3).wish/expect4).expect5).expecting6).wish3.bear/endure/stand/tolerate【解释】bear强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力,常用于否定句中。endure意为“经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服”,强调持久力和意志坚强,常用于否定句中。stand强调不屈不挠或经受得起,常用于否定句中。tolerate意为“忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗”,语气最弱,可用于肯定句和否定句。【练习】用bear,endure,stand,tolerate的适当形式填空。1).Ourtentwon’t_______anotherstormlikethelastone.2).Ican’t_______towaitanylonger.3).She’salreadyhadto_______threepainfuloperationsonherleg.4).Iwillnot_______thatsortofbehaviourinmyclass.Keys:1).stand2).bear3).endure4).tolerate4.setoff/setout/setabout【解释】setoff“出发”,侧重于去某个地方。setout“出发,开始”,侧重于开始做某事,还有规划,展现的意思,后加不定式。setabout“开始,着手”,与setout意思相近,后加v-ing形式。【练习】用setoff,setout,setabout的适当形式填空。1).Theysucceededinwhattheyhad_______todo.2).Havingmadeuphismind,he_______carryingouttheplan.3).Ifyouwanttocatchthattrainwe’dbetter_______forthestationimmediately.Keys:1).setout2).setabout3).setoffⅡ.词性变化(旨在提供语法填空所需材料)1.mercyn.仁慈,宽容mercifuladj.宽恕的mercilessadj.残忍的;无情的2.abruptadj.突然的,意外的;唐突的,鲁莽的abruptlyadv.突然地;粗鲁地3.expectvt.期待,预期,指望expectationn.期待,预料,指望,展望unexpected.adj.想不到的,未预料unexpectedlyadv.出乎意料地,想不到地4.freezev.(使)冻结,(使)结冰n.冻结;冰冻期freezingn.冰点adj.冰冻的,严寒的/5.practisevt.&vi.实行;练习;实习practicen.练习,实习,实践,习俗practicaladj.实际的,实践的,实用的【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1).Thisresultwasbeyondmywildest________(expect).2).Shewassubjectedtothe________(mercy)criticismofheropponents.3).Theyaskedhertobe________(mercy)totheprisoners.4).Wemustputourplansinto________(practise).5).Yourinventionisvery________(practice).6).Theyounggirlpractices________(play)theviolineveryday.7).Hisfatherdied_______(expect),anditwastenyearssincetheywerelasttogether.8).Wewere_______(freeze)coldinthetentlastnight.9).Ourconversationcametoan_______(abruptly)endwhenGeorgeburstintotheroom.Keys:1).expectation2).merciless3).merciful4).practice5).practical6).playing7).unexpectedly8).freezing9).abruptⅢ.重点词汇(旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料)1.distinguish辨别;辨认;(常与from,between连用)区别;区分1).Icandistinguishthematadistance.从远处我能认出他们。2).Themandistinguisheshimselfbyhiswisdom这个人因智慧而扬名。[重点用法]distinguishAfromB辨别A与Bbedistinguishedfrom不同于……bedistinguishedby以……为特征bedistinguishedfor因……而著称distinguishoneself显扬自己;使自己扬名[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。①Canyoudistinguish(中间)thosetwoobjects?②Childrenshouldbetaughtto(分辨是非).③Speechhumanbeings(不同于…)theanimals.④TheChinesenationis(因…而著称)itsdiligenceandcourage.答案:①between②distinguishrightfromwrong③distinguishes;from④distinguishedfor2.convenientadj.便利的,方便的conveniencen.便利,方便convenientlyadv.便利地1).IsitconvenientforyoutocomenextSunday?下个星期天你方便来吗?2).Ican’tseehimnow;it’snotconvenient.我现在不便见他。[重点用法]beconvenienttosb.对某人方便Itisconvenient(forsb)todosth.(某人)做某事方便atyourconvenience在你方便的时候ifitsuitsaperson'sconvenience如果对某人方便fortheconvenienceofsb.为了某人方便起见[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1).Comeandseeme___________________________________(无论你何时方便).2).Wemustarrangea________(convenience)timeandplaceforthemeeting.3).Ikeepmyreferencebooksnearbydeskfor_______(convenient).4).Wemustarrangeatimeandplaceforthemeeting.5).Ikeepmyreferencebooksnearbydeskfor.Keys:1).wheneverit’sconvenienttoyou2).convenient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