自动化与电子信息专业英语[杨植新][电子教案]Part 2

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Part2Electronics2.1InterpretingadigitalICdatasheet2.2DiodesandTransistors(Ⅰ)2.3DiodesandTransistors(II)2.4TheIdealofOp-amp(I)2.5TheIdealofOp-amp(II)2.6BooleanAlgebra2.7NumberSystem2.8Flip-FlopsandLatches2.9ProgrammablelogicDevice2.1InterpretingadigitalICdatasheet2.1.2SpecializedEnglishWordsIC集成电路datasheet数据手册terminology术语学specifications规范Absolutemaximumratings最大绝对额定值Parameters参数MOSprocess金属氧化物半导体制程heatsup加热threshold阈值Keepinmind紧记worst-case最坏的Timing时序Oncethebasicdatasheetterminologyandorganizationisunderstood,itisrelativelyeasytofigureoutotherdatasheetsevenwhentheirexactterminologychanges.全句可译为“一旦掌握了基本数据手册内的术语和结构,即使以后其中一些的特殊术语改换名称,我们也很容易理解数据手册的内容。”2.1InterpretingadigitalICdatasheet“once”引导的是条件状语从句“it”在这里指的是“tofigureoutotherdatasheets”Manufacturersspecifyastoragetemperaturerangewithinwhichthesemiconductorstructureswillnotbreakdown.全句可译为“生产商通常会注明在保证半导体器件不受破坏的情况下的储藏温度范围。”2.1InterpretingadigitalICdatasheet“withinwhich”引起定语从句,“range”为其先行词。Otherparametersestablishthesafeoperatinglimitsforinputsignalsaswellastheappliedvoltagethresholdsthatrepresentlogic0and1states.全句可译为“还有一些参数建立了输入信号的安全限制,以及代表逻辑1和O的电压阈值等。”2.1InterpretingadigitalICdatasheet“that”引导的定语从句“representlogic0and1states”修饰“voltagethresholds”“aswellas”相当于“以及,和”DCparametersspecifythevoltagesandcurrentsthattheICwillpresenttoothercircuitrytowhichitisconnected.全句可译为“器件的直流参数主要描述器件和其它电路连接时所表现出的电压和电流特性。”2.1InterpretingadigitalICdatasheet“that”引导的定语从句,修饰“voltagesandcurrents”“towhich”又引导了一个定语从句,修饰“othercircuitry”“it”指“theIC”。Keepinmindthateachmanufacturerhasasomewhatdifferentstyleofpresentingthesespecifications.“Keepinmind…”为祈使句,省略了主语“We(oryou)must”。全句可译为“这里我们需要注意的是每一个生产厂商的数据手册风格多少会有一些不同。”2.1InterpretingadigitalICdatasheet2.2DiodesandTransistors(Ⅰ)2.2.2SpecializedEnglishWordssemiconductors半导体fabricated制作,构成discrete分立的,离散的diodes二极管transistors晶体管powersupplies电源rectifiers整流器voltagereferences参考电压lightemittingdiode发光二极管switching开关2.2DiodesandTransistors(Ⅰ)heavyload重负载signalamplification信号放大idealdiode理想二极管one-way单向valve电子管reversebias反偏forwardbiased正偏junctions结Realdiodes实际的二极管threshold阈值2.2DiodesandTransistors(Ⅰ)impedance阻抗shortcircuit短路dissipate消耗current-limitingresistor限流电阻Thermaloverload热过载lowpassfilter低通滤波器Yettherearenumerousinstancesinwhichdiscretesemiconductors,mostnotablydiodesandtransistors,arerequiredtocompleteasystem.从句中“mostnotablydiodesandtransistors”为“discrete”的同位语。全句可译为“但仍有很多使用分立式半导体元件,主要是二极管和三极管,来构成系统的例子。”2.2DiodesandTransistors(Ⅰ)“inwhich…”为定语从句,修饰“instances”从句中“mostnotablydiodesandtransistors”为“discrete”的同位语Itisdifficultthesedaysnottofindalightemittingdiode,orLED,inone’simmediatevicinity,onsomeapplianceorpieceofelectronicequipment.本句中采用了双重否定“Itisdifficult…notto…”来强调LED的广泛应用。全句可译为“如今在我们的身边,例如各种器械和电子设备上,到处都可以见到发光二极管的应用,或者称之为LED。”2.2DiodesandTransistors(Ⅰ)Sayingthatadiodeconducts“infinite”currentbeyondreallymeansthatitsimpedancebecomessolowthatitnolongerbecomesthelimitingfactorinacircuit.本句结果较复杂,主句为“Sayingthat…beyond”,“Saying”为动名词作主语,它的宾语为“that”引导名词从句。“means”为主语“Saying…”的谓语动词,而“thatitsimpedance…”为“means”的宾语从句,而这个从句又有自己的结果状语“sothat…”。全句可译为“我们说二极管在以上导通的电流无穷大实际上是指它的阻抗变得如此之小导致它不再是电路中的限制因素。”2.2DiodesandTransistors(Ⅰ)Whenadiodeisusedinanapplicationwhereinitmaybeforwardbiasedanddrivenwithexcessivecurrent,acurrent-limitingresistorisinsertedintothecircuittokeepthediodewithinitsspecifiedoperatinglimits.这是一个多层的主从复合句。主句为“acurrent-limitingresistor…”,“Whenadiodeisusedinanapplication”为主句的状语从句,而从句中的“anapplication…”又带有一定语从句“whereinitmaybe…”,其中有两个并列被动语态的谓语“beforwardbiased”和“driven”。全句可译为“在应用中如果二极管正向偏置时的驱动电流很大,会在电路中放置一个限流电阻以保证二极管工作在它的极限范围内。”2.2DiodesandTransistors(Ⅰ)AmajorusefordiodesisintherectificationofACsignals,specificallyinpowersuppliesinwhichtheconversionfromACtoDCisrequired.这是个典型主从复合句。全句可译为“二极管的一个主要应用是AC信号整流,尤其是在某些需要将AC电转化为DC电的电源中。”2.2DiodesandTransistors(Ⅰ)“inwhich”引起定语从句,修饰“powersupplies”2.3DiodesandTransistors(II)2.3.2SpecializedEnglishWordsnegativeportion负半周full-wavebridgerectifier全波桥式整流transformers变压器inconjunctionwith与…连接bipolarjunction双极性proportionalityconstant比例常数base基极collector集电极emitter发射极Fourdiodescanbeassembledintoafull-wavebridgerectifierthatpassesthepositiveportionofthesinewaveandinvertsthenegativeportionrelativetotheDCground.这是一个主从复合句。从句中有两个并列的谓语动词“passes”和“inverts”。全句可译为“四个二极管可以组合成一个全波桥式整流器,它能让正半周的正弦波通过,并把负半周的正弦波反转到正半周。”2.3DiodesandTransistors(II)“that”引起定语从句,修饰“afull-wavebridgerectifier”Transformersareusedinconjunctionwithbridgerectifierstostepdownthehigh-voltageACinputtoamoreappropriateintermediatelevelthatismuchclosertothefinalvoltagelevelrequiredbythesystem.在这个主从复合句中,“that…”为定语从句,修饰“amoreappropriateintermediatelevel”,从句中“requiredbythesystem”为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰“thefinalvoltagelevel”。全句可译为“常常将变压器和桥式整流器连接在一起,把高压AC输入降低到与系统所需要的电压值很接近的一个中间值。”2.3DiodesandTransistors(II)DiodeOR-ingcircuitsarealsoseeninbattery-backupapplicationsinwhichitisdesiredtokeepalow-powerstaticRAMchippoweredbyabatterywhenthemainpowersupplyisturnedoff.本句结构上比较复杂,可以分为三个层次,即主句带有一定语从句,而从句又有自己的状语从句。“inwhich”以下修饰“battery-backupapplications”。“when”引起状语从句,作从句中“keep”的时间或条件状语。全句可译为“二极管电路还被用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