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Pharmacology·WordsPharmacodynamics药效动力学Pharmacokinetics药代动力学Parameter参数Prescription-onlymedicine处方药Over-the-counterdrugs非处方药Property特性Compartmentmodel房室模型Surveillance监管Filtration滤过Simplediffusion简单扩散Facilitateddiffusion易化扩散Metabolite代谢产物Concentrationgradient浓度梯度Polarity极性Dissociation解离Permeation渗透Solution溶液Equilibrium平衡Alter改变Saturability饱和性Particle颗粒Placentalbarrier胎盘屏障Oralingestion口服Intravenousinjection静脉注射Subcutaneousinjection皮下注射Inhalant吸入的Sublingual舌下的Rectal直肠的Topical局部的First-passelimination首关消除Intestinal肠的，肠壁的Intracellular细胞内的Albumin白蛋白α1-acidglycoproteinα1-酸性糖蛋白Globulin球蛋白Permeability通透性Microsome微粒体Reduction还原Hydrolysis水解Conjugation结合Endogenous内源性的Endoplasmicreticulum内质网Enterohepaticcirculation肠肝循环Portalvein门静脉Glomerular肾小球的Tubular肾小管的Saliva唾液Perfusion灌注Peripheral外周的Logarithm对数的Linear直线的Decay衰变Intercept截距Slope斜率Clearance清除率Bioavailability生物利用率Apparentvolumeofdistribution表观分布容积Bioequivalence生物等效性Therapeutic治疗的Etlologicaltreatment对因治疗Symptomatictreatment对症治疗Iatrogenicdisease医源性疾病Adversereaction不良反应Sidereaction副反应Residualeffect残留效应Withdrawalreaction撤药反应Allergicreaction过敏反应Idiosyncraticreaction特异质反应Threshold阈值Conventional常规的Jaundice黄疸Anaphylacticshock过敏性休克Lethal致死的Gradedresponse量反应Quantalresponse质反应Margin边缘Intensity强度Efficacy效能Potency效价强度Diuretic利尿剂Cytoplasm胞浆，胞质Affinity亲和力Intrinsicactivity内在活性Agonist激动剂Antagonist拮抗剂Transcription转录Phosphorylation磷酸化Modification变性Geneticpolymorphism基因多态性Placebo安慰剂Visceral内脏的Mitochondrion线粒体Atrium心房的Ventricle心室的Hyperopia远视Myopia近视Gluconeogenesis糖异生Afferent传入的Efferent传出的Somatic运动的Autonomic自主的Cholinergic胆碱能的Noradrenergic去甲肾上腺素能的Dopaminergic多巴胺能的Preganglionic节前的Postganglionic节后的Invitro离体的Varicosity膨体Vesicle囊泡Cleft间隙Synapse突触Ganglion神经节Myocardium心肌Tyrosine酪氨酸Hydroxylase羟化酶Decarboxylase脱羧酶Exocytosis胞裂外排，胞吐Mono-amineoxidase（MAO）单胺氧化酶Catechol-o-methyltransferase（COMT）儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶Catalyze催化Acetyltransferase乙酰转移酶Acetylcholinesterase乙酰胆碱酯酶Muscarine毒蕈碱的Nicotine烟碱的Cortex皮质Hippocampus海马Gastric胃的Mucosa黏膜Sinoatrialnode窦房结Atrioventricularnode房室结Parietalcell壁细胞Contraction收缩Constriction压缩Slackoff松弛Dilation扩张Diastole舒张Decomposition分解Coronaryartery冠状动脉Cardiac心的，心脏的Phospholipase磷脂酶Quasi拟的，拟似Resurrection复活药Cornea角膜Lens晶状体Iris虹膜Iritis虹膜炎Iridocyclitis虹膜睫状体炎Opticnerve视神经Spasm/cramp痉挛Intraocular眼内的Ophthalmic眼科的Macula黄斑Retina视网膜Glaucoma青光眼Miosis缩瞳Mydriasis扩瞳Nausea恶心Vomiting呕吐Salivation流涎Belching打嗝Peristalsis蠕动Negativechronotropiceffect负性频率作用Negativedromotropiceffect负性传导作用Negativeinotropiceffect负性肌力作用Aqueouswater房水Xerosis干燥症Asthma哮喘Ischemia缺血Pepticulcer消化性溃疡Abdominalflatulence腹气胀Urinaryretention尿潴留Myastheniagravis重症肌无力Anesthesia麻醉Quaternaryammonium季铵基团Etiology病因学Muscularfibrillation/Fasciculation肌束震颤Paroxysmalsupraventriculartachycardia阵发性室上性心动过速Suppress抑制Insomnia失眠Hyperhidrosis多汗Coma昏迷Fecalincontinence大便失禁Antidote解毒剂Antispasmodic解痉药Alkaloid生物碱Conjunctiva结膜Lacrimal泪腺的Detrusor逼尿肌Dysphoria烦躁不安Septic感染的Constipation便秘Enuresis遗尿Dysuria排尿困难Asphyxia窒息Convulsion惊厥Irritation刺激Scapula肩胛骨Cataract白内障Fundusexamination眼底检查Optometry验光Sinusbradycardia窦性心动过缓Gastriclavage洗胃Catharsis导泻ProstateHypertrophy前列腺肥大Vestibularnerve前庭神经EndotrachealIntubation气管插管Belladonna颠茄Henbane莨菪Datura曼陀罗Biliarycolic胆绞痛Angina心绞痛Arrhythmia心律失常Cutaneousflushing皮肤潮红Irritability易怒，兴奋性Hypnosis催眠Obstructive阻塞性的Orthostatichypotension体位性低血压Aorticaneurysm主动脉瘤Blurredvision视力模糊Refractoryperiod不应期Diaphragm膈Auxiliarymedicine辅助给药Catecholamine儿茶酚胺Lye碱液Arteriole小动脉Adenosine腺苷Hemorrhage出血Necrosis坏疽Arterysclerosis动脉硬化Oliguria少尿Anuria无尿Adrenalmedulla肾上腺髓质Defibrillator电除颤仪Urticaria荨麻疹Lumbar腰部Rhinitis鼻炎Pheochromocytoma嗜铬细胞瘤Exacerbate使恶化Migraine偏头痛IntrinsicSympathomimeticActivity内在拟交感活性Synergistic协同的Sedation镇静Fatigue疲劳Epilepsy癫痫Ataxia共济失调Teratogenicity致畸Appetite食欲brainstemreticularstructure脑干网状结构Anaesthetic止痛Angioneuroedema血管神经性水肿tracheacannula气管插管Dialysis透析refractoryinsomnia顽固性失眠Tetanus破伤风Dermatitis皮炎Erythema红疹Synchronous同步的Insanity精神错乱Trigeminalneuralgia三叉神经痛Glossopharyngeal舌咽神经痛Gingivalhyperplasia齿龈增生Deformity畸形Granulocyte粒细胞Hemogram血象Thalamus丘脑Degenerative退行性Amyotrophiclateralsclerosis肌萎缩侧索硬化症Retrograde变性Glutamine谷氨酸paralysisagitants震颤麻痹muscularrigidity肌肉强直Bradykinesia运动迟缓Hyperkinesia运动过多Substantianigra黑质Striatum纹状体Precursor前体Anorexia厌食Mania躁狂lactationalamenorrheasyndrome泌乳闭经综合征Chorea舞蹈症Limbicsystem边缘系统SenileDementia老年痴呆症Shrinkage萎缩Hallucination幻觉Delusion妄想Hypoxia缺氧Lecithin卵磷脂Schizophrenia精神分裂症Apathy淡漠Emetic催吐medullaoblongata延髓Tubercle-FunnelPathway结节-漏斗通路Galactorrhea溢乳Gonadotropichormone促性腺激素IntractableHiccup顽固性呃逆Hypothermic低温Dystonia肌张力障碍Akathisia静坐不能Dyskenesia运动障碍Lethargy昏睡adenylatecyclase腺苷酸环化酶Phobia恐惧症Agranulocytosis粒细胞缺乏症Bulimia贪食症Endogenouslyopioidpeptides内源性阿片肽Enkephalin脑啡肽β-endorphinβ-内啡肽Dynorphin强啡肽Euphoria欣快Antitussive镇咳solitarytract孤束核Papaverine罂粟碱Glucuronicacid葡萄糖醛酸Intracranial颅内的glutamicacid谷氨酸Vertigo眩晕Sputum痰lactatingwomen乳妇Detoxification戒毒Antipyretic解热Analgesic镇痛Gout痛风thermoregulatorycenter体温调节中枢Cyclooxygenase环加氧酶Pyrogen致热源Algomenorrhea痛经Rheumatism风湿rheumatoidarthritis风湿性关节炎Thrombosis血栓形成Tinnitus耳鸣Acouesthesia听力Antiatherosclerotic抗动脉粥样硬化Reentran