搜索
petroleumengineering1PetroleumEngineeringpetroleumengineering2LearningGoals1.Communication2.translationPleaseintroduceyourselfinEnglish!Ifyougoforaninterview……petroleumengineering3Interview•Majorofpetroleumengineering•TechnicalSkills:DrillingandWorkoverTechnology,Catchholdoftheoilwellproductionmethods•Basicskills:GoodcomputerskillandfamiliarwithAUTOCAD（GoodcommandofEnglishandpcskills,EnglishCET4orabove,Englishconversationandtranslationability.）•Whatspecializedcoursesdidyoutake?petroleumengineering4•采油工程oilrecoveryengineering•钻井工程概论thegeneralityofdrillingengineering•油藏工程基础therudimentsofreservoirengineering•油层物理petroleumphysics/petro-physics•渗流力学seepagemechanics/percolationmechanics•开发地质基础therudimentsofdevelopinggeology•测井解释与生产测井logginginterpretationandproductionlogging•提高采收率enhancedoilrecovery•钻井液drillingfluidpetroleumengineering5Attendance:30%Participation,discussion,homeworkandquizzes：20%Finalexam：50%FinalExaminingMode:Translateapassagewith800words(50%)&Oralinterpretation(50%)Grading:petroleumengineering6Test:•Atpresent,thereareabout90%wellsusedoilpumpingwithpoletowholewellsusedmechanicaloilpumpingonlandand80%petroleumpumpedbyoilpumpingwithpole,theenergyconsumptionbyfacilitiesonoilpumpingwithpoletakeupabove30%ontotalenergyconsumption,andalongwiththecomingofeveningtoexploitation,theproportiontendtoascend.•目前我国陆上机械采油约90％左右的油井采用有杆泵抽油技术，产油量的80％是靠有杆泵抽油采出的，有杆泵抽油设备的能耗已占油田总能耗的30％以上，随着各油田进入开发后期，上述比例将成上升的趋势。petroleumengineering7WhatareOilandGas?Discussion:petroleumengineering8WhatareOilandGas?•OilandGasaresubstancesfoundwithintheearth’scrust（地壳）.•Theyarethoughttocomefromdecomposed（腐烂的）[di:kəm′pəʊz]plantandanimalmatter.•Scientistsbelievetheplantsandanimalsdiedlongago,andwereslowlyburiedbythicklayersofsediments（沉积物）.Overalongperiodoftime,andwithpressureandtemperature,theorganic（有机）[ɔ:ɡænik]materialswereconvertedintotheoilandgaswhicharefoundtoday.(Forexample,weknowthatpresentdaygarbagedumpsgiveoffmethane（甲烷）gas)petroleumengineering9Oilinit’snaturalstatecanbethickorthin,blackorlightcolored.Whenoilisrefined,manyproductscanbeobtained:•Energyforpower•Gasolineforcars•Dieselfuelfortrucksandtrains•Octane(辛烷)fuelsforplanes•HeatingoilforhousesManyothermaterialsalsocomefrompetroleum:•Plastics•Materialsforclothes(example:polyesterfabrics涤纶织物)•Chemicalsforeverydayuse•PaintsWhatelsedoweknowaboutoilandgas?petroleumengineering10Didyouknowthatoilhasnaturalgasinit?Thenaturalgas（天然气）isinsolution,justlikethecarbondioxide（CO2）whichisputinsideofpoptogiveititsfizz.Whenoilisproduced,somegasisproducedwiththeoil.Abarrel（桶）ofoilmaycontainanywherefrom1cubicftofgas,toover10,000cubicft,dependingonthetypeofreservoir（储集层）.That’senoughgasinasinglebarrelofoiltofillyourwholehouse!petroleumengineering11WherecanwefindOilandGas?petroleumengineering12Somepeoplethinkthatoilisinbigpoolsunderground.Actually,mostoilistrappedinthetinyporespacesbetweengrainsofrockorsand.Mostoftheseporesaretoosmalltobeseenwiththenakedeye.petroleumengineering13So,howdowefindoil-bearingrocks?•Oilandgasarefoundinnaturaltrapswithintheearth.•Thesetrapsconsistofdomesorfaults.Impermeablerockabovethetrappreventstheoilandgasfrommigratinguptosurface.An“impermeable”rockisonethatfluidcannotpassthrough.•withouttraps,theoilandgascouldmigrateallthewaytothesurfaceandevaporate.petroleumengineering14OilHere’sanexampleofadome-shapedOilreservoir.Notethelayerofimpermeablerockwhichpreventstheoilfrommigratingupwards.Also,notethelayerofwaterbelowwhichpreventstheoilfromescapingdown.Why?Waterpetroleumengineering15GasHere’sanexampleofaGasreservoir.Again,notetheimpermeablelayerofrockpreventingthegasfromescaping.Waterpetroleumengineering16GasHere’sanexampleofanOilreservoirwithaGascapOilWhydoyousupposethegasisontop?WaterPreparedbyTomSheeranpetroleumengineering17Howdowefindtheoilreservoirs?•Geophysicistsfindreservoirsbybouncingsoundwavesoffthem,andtiminghowlongittakesforthesoundtocomeback•Computersprocessthedatatoconstructpicturesofwhattheearthlookslikeunderground.sourcereceiverst=1sect=1.2sect=1.42secpetroleumengineering18Whatdowedoafterwefindareservoir????petroleumengineering19WeDrillIntoIt!!!petroleumengineering20Whatdowedrillwith?petroleumengineering21ADrillingRig!Hereareafewdifferenttypesofdrillingrigsavailable:LandRigFordrillingonland.DrillShipDrillshipsandsemi-submersiblerigsarefordrillinginwaterdepthsfrom100to5000+ft.Semi-SubmersibleRigJackupRigFordrillinginwaterdepthsfrom15ftto+/-350ft.InlandBargeFordrillinginwaterdepthsfrom8to30ft.