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FunctionofMicrobiota（commensal[kə'mens(ə)l]bacteria）Metabolism（代谢）（regulatedigestion[daɪ'dʒestʃ(ə)n;dɪ-]）＊Regulationoflipidbycommensal[kə'mens(ə)l]bacteriaBileacid胆酸synthesis['sɪnθɪsɪs]合成absorption[əb'zɔːpʃ(ə)n;-'sɔːp-]吸收decomposition[,diːkɒmpə'zɪʃn]降解FunctionofBileacidscholesterol-derived[kə'lestərɒl-di'raivd]amphipathic[,æmfi'pæθik,'æmfipɑ:θ]molecules胆固醇衍生的两亲分子solubilize['sɔljubilaiz]溶解的fat-soluble脂溶性的enterohepatic['entrəʊ'hɪ'pætɪk]circulation（肝肠循环)precursor[prɪ'kɜːsə]molecules前体分子deconjugate['kɒndʒʊgeɪt]解离primarybileacids初级胆酸cholic['kəulik]胆汁酸chenodeoxycholic['deoksi'kəulik]acids鹅脱氧胆酸secondarybileacid次级胆酸deoxycholic['deoksi'kəulik]脱氧胆酸,lithocholic['laɪθəʊ'kəulik;'lɪθ-]石胆酸,b.fattyacidsandimmunitycarboxylic[,kɑːbɒk'sɪlɪk]acid羧基酸longaliphatic[,ælɪ'fætɪk]chain长脂肪链saturated['sætʃəreɪtɪd]饱和的；unsaturated不饱和的triglycerides[traɪ'glɪsəraɪd]甘油三脂phospholipids[,fɒsfə(ʊ)'lɪpɪd]磷脂Function：impairlipidabsorption减少脂吸收alterlipidprofiles['prəʊfaɪl]改变质谱regulatelipidhomeostasis[,hɒmɪə(ʊ)'steɪsɪs;,həʊm-]调节脂平衡fattyacidysensorproteins脂肪酸传感器的蛋白peroxisome[pə'rɒksɪsəʊm]过氧化物酶体proliferator['prəʊfaɪrtə]增生物endogenous英[enˈdɒdʒənəs]美[enˈdɑ:dʒənəs]内源性的exogenous英[ekˈsɒdʒənəs]美[ekˈsɑ:dʒənəs]外源性的initiate[ɪ'nɪʃɪeɪt]激发＊Carbohydrates’metabolism[kɑːbə'haɪdreɪt]碳水化合物代谢a.Fermentationofplant-derivednondigestible[nɒn'daɪ'dʒestəbl]不易消化的polysaccharides['pɒlɪ'sækəraɪd]多聚糖.ProductionSCFAs:nondigestible[nɒn'daɪ'dʒestəbl]polysaccharides['pɒlɪ'sækəraɪd]（多聚糖)cellulose['seljʊləʊz;-s]纤维素Sorts:butyrate['bjuːtɪreɪt](C4)丁酸盐,propionate['prəʊpɪəneɪt](C3)丙酸盐acetate['æsɪteɪt](C2)醋酸盐FunctionofSCFAs:regulationofimmunitybySCFAsthroughthreemainways.Gprotein–coupledreceptorGPR43G蛋白耦联受体histonedeacetylases[di:ə'setileis]组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)neutrophils['njuːtrə(ʊ)fɪl]中性粒细胞,macrophages['mækrə(ʊ)feɪdʒ]巨噬细胞dendritic[den'drɪtɪk]cells(DCs)树状细胞intestinalepithelial[,epɪ'θiːlɪəl]cells(IEC)肠上皮细胞milkoligosaccharide[,ɒlɪgə(ʊ)'sækəraɪd]牛奶低聚糖＊vitaminssynthesize(Commensalbacteria–derivedvitaminsandit’regulation)essentialvitamins必需氨基酸a.FunctionofVB:water-solublevitamins水溶性氨基酸coexist[,kəʊɪg'zɪst]共生vitaminBcomplexB族b.functionofVKfat-solublevitamins脂溶性氨基酸prothrombin[prəʊ'θrɒmbɪn]凝集素osteocalcin[ɒstɪːəʊ'kælsɪn]骨钙蛋白Twomainparts:(1）Bloodcoagulation[kəʊ,æɡjʊ'leɪʃən]血液凝集(2）Bonemetabolism骨代谢commensalbacteria–derivedvitamin共生菌衍生的氨基酸biosyntheticintermediates[,ɪntə'miːdɪət]生物合成中间产物previously['pri:vju:sli]unappreciated[ʌnə'priːʃɪeɪtɪd]之前未认识到＊ProteinmetabolismCommensalbacteria–derivedaminoacidsextraction[ɪk'strækʃ(ə)n;ek-]提取synthesisorabsorption合成或吸收alanine['æləniːn]丙氨酸aspartate[ə'spɑ:teit]天冬氨酸glutamate['gluːtəmeɪt]谷氨酸glycine['glaɪsiːn]甘氨酸tryptophan['trɪptəfæn]色氨酸.Functionofamino[ə'miːnəʊ;ə'maɪnəʊ]acidsbuildingblocks基本单位substrates['sʌbstreɪt]亚单位citric['sɪtrɪk]acidcycle三羧酸循环neurotransmitter[,njʊərəʊtrænz'mɪtə]神经递质influencethedevelopmentorhomeostasis影响发育或平衡proliferation[prəu-,lifə'reiʃən]增殖G1phase[feɪz]G1期skinallograft['æləgrɑːft]外源皮肤移植物autoimmuneencephalomyelitis[en,sef(ə)ləʊmaɪə'laɪtɪs;-,]自免性脑膜炎TNBS-inducedcolitis[kə'laɪtɪs]结肠炎.＊polyphenolsmetabolismbreakdown消化phenolic[fɪ'nɒlɪk]compounds酚类混合物Polyphenolicsecondarymetabolites酚次级代谢产物anthocyanidins[,ænθəsai'ænidin]花青素flavones['fleɪvəʊn]黄酮类lignans['liɡnæns]木质素inactive不活跃的activecompounds有活性化合物removalofthesugarmoiety['mɒɪɪtɪ]糖基转移finalactiveproducts终端产物portal['pɔːt(ə)l]vein[veɪn]门静脉isoflavones[,aisəu'fleivəun]异黄酮aglycon[ə'ɡlaikɔn,-kəun]糖苷配基equol代谢物,antiandrogenic[ætɪ,ændrə'dʒenik,,ændrə'dʒənik]抗雄激素药hypolipidemic['haɪpəʊ'lɪpɪdemik]降血脂药