第一部分葡萄酒分类Dryredwine:干红葡萄酒Semi-drywine:半干葡萄酒Drywhitewine:干白葡萄酒Rosewine:桃红葡萄酒Sweetwine:甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweetwine:半甜葡萄酒Stillwine:静止葡萄酒Sparklingwine:起泡葡萄酒Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytisedwine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortifiedwine:加强葡萄酒Flavoredwine:加香葡萄酒Brutwine:天然葡萄酒Carbonatedwine:加气起泡葡萄酒Appetizerwine(Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Tablewine:佐餐葡萄酒Dessertwine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne:香槟酒Vermouth:味美思Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒Mistelle:密甜尔WineCooler:清爽酒Cider:苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruitbrandy:水果白兰地PomaceBrandy:果渣白兰地Grapebrandy:葡萄白兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒Vodka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒Cognac(France):科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France):阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)Sherry(Spain):雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese):波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物Yeast:酵母Wildyeast:野生酵母Yeasthulls:酵母菌皮Dryactivityyeast:活性干酵母Bacteria:细菌Malolacticbacteria(MLB):乳酸菌Lacticacidbacteria(LAB):乳酸菌Aceticacidbacteria:醋酸菌Spoilageyeast:败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration:蒸腾作用Evaporation:蒸发Photosynthesis:光合作用MaillardReaction:麦拉德反应Veraison:转色期Saturation:饱和Alcoholicfermentation(AF):酒精发酵Stuck(Sluggish)Fermentation:发酵停滞PrimaryFermentation:前发酵,主发酵SecondaryFermentation;二次发酵Heterofermentation:异型发酵Malolacticfermentation(MLF):苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-AlcoholFermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵MethodeCharantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法MacerationCarbonique:CO2浸渍发酵Wholebunchfermentation:CO2浸渍发酵Beaujolasismethod:宝祖利酿造法Unareobicfermentation:厌氧发酵法Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法Charmatmethod:罐式香槟法Enzymaticbrowning:酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing:陈酿Surlies:带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify:糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bottleaging:瓶内陈酿Amelioration:原料改良Chaptalization:加糖Distillation:蒸馏FractionalDistillation:分馏Rectification:精馏Clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite:膨润土(皂土)Kieselgur,diatomite:硅藻土Capsule:胶帽TinPlat、Foil:锡箔Pigment:颜料、色素Casein:酪蛋白Pectin:果胶酶Silicagel:硅胶Gelatin:明胶Isinglass:鱼胶Eggwhite:蛋清Albumen:蛋白Bloodpowder:血粉第五部分理化指标Totalacid:总酸Titrableacid:滴定酸Residulsugar:残糖Carbondioxide:二氧化碳Sugar-freeextract:干浸出物Volatileacid:挥发酸Sulfurdioxide:二氧化硫Totalsulfurdioxide:总二氧化硫Freesulfurdioxide:游离二氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜Iron(Fe):铁Potassium:钾(K)Calcium(Ca):钙Sodium(Na):钠第六部分物质名词Methanol:甲醇HighAlcohol:高级醇Polyalcohol:多元醇Ethylacetate:乙酸乙酯Flavonol:黄酮醇Glycine:甘油CalciumPectate:果胶酸钙Ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素Butanol:丁醇Isobutanol:正丁醇GastricAcid:胃酸Propanone:丙酮AceticAcid:乙酸FormicAcid:甲酸,蚁酸Phospholipids:磷脂AminoAcid:氨基酸FattyAcid:脂肪酸CarbonicAcid:碳酸Carbohydrate:碳水化合物FixedAcid:固定酸TartaricAcid:酒石酸MalicAcid:苹果酸CitricAcid:柠檬酸LacticAcid:乳酸SuccinicAcid:琥珀酸Sorbicacid:山梨酸Ascorbicacid:抗坏血酸Benzylacid:苯甲酸Gallicacid:没食子酸FerulicAcid:阿魏酸Pcoumaricacid:香豆酸Glucose,Dextrose,GrapeSugar:葡萄糖Fructose,FruitSugar:果糖CaneSugar,ShortSweetening:蔗糖Polysaccharides:水解多糖Starch:淀粉Amylase:淀粉酶Foam:泡沫Protein:蛋白质Mercaptan:硫醇Thiamine:硫胺(VB1)AmmoniumSalt:铵盐Melanoidinen:类黑精Glycerol:甘油,丙三醇Coppercitrate:柠檬酸铜Coppersulphate:硫酸铜Hydrogensulphide:硫化氢Oak(barrel):橡木(桶)Catechins:儿茶酚LowFlavourThreshold:香味阈值MaillardReaction:美拉德反应VolatilePhenols:挥发性酚Vanillan:香子兰Vanillin:香草醛,香兰素Linalool:里那醇,沉香醇Geroniol:�牛儿醇,香茅醇Pyranicacid:丙酮酸FuranAldehydes:呋喃醛Eugenol:丁香酚Guaiacol:愈创木酚CarbohydrateDegradationProducts:碳水化合物降解物Cellulose:纤维素Hemicellulose:半纤维素Hemicellulase:半纤维素酶Maltol:落叶松皮素OakLactone:橡木内酯HydrolysableTannins:水解单宁Ellagitannins:鞣花单宁Proanthocyanidin:原花色素RelativeAstringency(RA):相对涩性LagicAcid:鞣花酸PolypetideNitrogen:多肽氮Oxido-reductionPotential:氧化还原电位CondencedPhenols:聚合多酚Poly-phenols:多酚PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮Anthocyanin:花青素Alcohol,ethanol:乙醇InvertSugar转化糖Oxygen:氧气Ester:酯类物质Nitrogen:氮气Aroma:果香Virus:病毒Bacteriophage:噬菌体Body:酒体Byproduct:副产物PotassiumBitartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾PotassiumSorbate:山梨酸钾DiammoniumPhosphate:磷酸氢二铵PotassiumMeta-bisulfite(K2S2O5):偏重亚硫酸钾Tannin:单宁Oaktannins:橡木丹宁Undesired(Excessive)Tannins:劣质单宁Desiredtannins:优质单宁Enzyme:酶Laccase:漆酶PolyphenolOxidase(PPO):多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶Mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白Lees:酒泥Chateau:酒庄Bulkwine、Rawwine:原酒Hygiene:卫生Activatedcarbon:活性碳Currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备Filtrate(filtration):过滤Two-wayPump:双向泵ScrewPump:螺杆泵Centrifuge:离心机Distillation:蒸馏HeatExchanger:热交换器Crusher:破碎机Destemer:除梗机Presser:压榨机AtmospherePresser:气囊压榨机ScrewPresser:连续压榨机Filter:过滤机BottlingLine:灌装线PlateFiltration(filter):板框过滤(机)VacuumFiltration(filter):真空过滤(机)DepthFiltration(filter):深层过滤(机)CrossFiltration(filter):错流过滤(机)MembraneFiltration(filter):膜过滤(机)SterileFiltration(filter):除菌过滤(机)PocketFiltration(filter):袋滤(机)RotaryMachine:转瓶机PomaceDraining:出渣Blending:调配Racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)Decanting:倒灌(瓶)Remuage:吐渣Fining:下胶Deacidification:降酸Pumpover:循环SkinContact:浸皮(渍)Mixcolors:调色OxidativeAgeingMethod:氧化陈酿法ReducingAgeingMethod:还原陈酿法Stabilization:稳定性Ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)Headspace:顶空NTU:浊度Receivingbin:接收槽Corkscrew:开瓶器DistillingColumn:蒸馏塔Condenser:冷凝器HeatExchanger:热交换器Cork:软木塞Cellar:酒窖WineShowroom:葡萄酒陈列室OpticalDensity(OD):光密度MetalCrownLid:皇冠盖Blanket:隔氧层Pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药GrapeNursery:葡萄苗圃Graft:嫁接苗Scion:接穗Seedling:自根苗Disease:病害Botrytis:灰霉病DownyMildew:霜霉病PowderyMildew:白粉病FanLeaf:扇叶病毒病Anthracnose:炭疽病MildPowder:灰腐病BlackRotten:黑腐病Noblerot:贵腐病Pearls:皮尔斯病Phylloxera:根瘤蚜Nematode:线虫BirdDamage:鸟害Pest:昆虫LimeSulphur:石硫合剂Nursery:营养钵Herbicide:除草剂Pesticide:杀虫剂Fungicide:真菌剂Bordeauxmixture:波尔多液Microclimate:微气候Variety:品种Cluster:果穗Rachis:穗轴Scion:接穗Roo