蔬菜大棚智能数据采集系统的设计

学号__1109111055_毕业论文（设计）课题蔬菜大棚智能数据采集系统的设计学生姓名徐飞院部电气工程学院专业班级自动化一班指导教师杨路二〇一五年五月铜陵学院毕业论文（设计）I摘要随着经济的快速发展，人们对蔬菜的需求大幅度提高，大棚蔬菜种植技术在我国迅速发展起来，目前虽然生产规模巨大，但蔬菜大棚设备陈旧，数据采集方式落后，自动化、智能化水平低，不利于蔬菜大棚的推广和蔬菜产量的提高，也不利于我国农业的长远发展。温度、空气湿度、光照强度、二氧化碳浓度等控制因子是蔬菜大棚种植环境的主要参数，蔬菜的生长速度、品质与这些参数有着密切的关系，有效的控制这此因子可提高蔬菜产量与质量，达到省时省力与增产增收的目标。本系统以STC89C52单片机为主控芯片，采用了无线通信模块nRF24L01模块，利用DHT11传感器检测温度、湿度、BH1750fvi传感器检测光照强度、红外二氧化碳传感器检测CO2浓度，通过nRF24L01模块进行无线传输采集数据，从而实现了对环境因素的精确采集。关键字：单片机；STC89C52；无线传输；nRF24L01；DHT11；BH1750fvi徐飞：蔬菜大棚智能数据采集系统设计IIAbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentofeconomy,peopleofvegetableofthesubstantialincreaseindemand,greenhousevegetableplantingtechnologydevelopsrapidlyinourcountry,atpresentalthoughtheproductionscaleishuge,butvegetablegreenhousesobsoleteequipment,backwardandthewayofdatacollection,automation,intelligentlevellowadverseingreenhousevegetablepromotionandvegetableyieldincrease,isnotconducivetothelong-termdevelopmentofChina'sagriculture.Temperature,airhumidity,lightZhaointensityandcarbondioxideconcentrationcontrolfactoristhemainparametersofgreenhousecultivationenvironment,vegetablegrowthspeed,quality,andtheseparametershavecloserelationship,andeffectivelycontrolthefactorcanimprovetheyieldandqualityofvegetables,achievethegoalofsavingtimeandincreaseproduction.ThesystemtoSTC89C52microcontrollerasthemaincontrolchip,thewirelesscommunicationmodulenRF24L01module,usingDHT11sensordetectsthetemperature,humidity,illuminationintensity,infraredcarbondioxidesensorforthedetectionofCO2concentrationBH1750fvisensordetectionandbymodulenRF24L01wirelesstransmissiondataacquisition,soastorealizetheaccurateacquisitionofenvironmentalfactors.Keyword:MCU；STC89C52；wirelesstransmission；nRF24L01；DHT11铜陵学院毕业论文（设计）III目录摘要...............................................................................IAbstract...............................................................................II第1章绪论........................................................................-1-1.1课题的来源..................................................................-1-1.2国外研究概况................................................................-1-1.3中国蔬菜大棚潜在的问题及其需求分析..........................................-2-1.4本文主要研究工作............................................................-2-第2章系统方案分析与选择论证......................................................-3-2.1系统方案设计................................................................-3-2.1.1主芯片选择方案........................................................-3-2.1.2无线通信模块方案......................................................-3-2.1.3湿度、温度传感器方案..................................................-4-2.1.4光照传感器选择方案.....................................................-4-2.1.5气体传感器的选择方案..................................................-4-2.1.6显示模块选择方案......................................................-5-2.2系统最终方案................................................................-5-第3章系统硬件模块设计............................................................-6-3.1单片机控制模块..............................................................-6-3.1.1主控芯片概述...........................................................-6-3.1.2单片机控制模块电路....................................................-7-3.2单片2.4GHznRF24L01无线模块..............................................-8-3.2.1nRF24L01芯片概述......................................................-8-3.2.2引脚功能及描述........................................................-9-3.2.3工作模式..............................................................-9-3.2.4增强型ShockBurstTM工作原理..........................................-10-3.2.5nRF24L01模块原理图...................................................-11-3.3数字湿温度传感器DHT11电路................................................-12-3.3.1DHT11概述...........................................................-12-3.3.2DHT11电路...........................................................-13-3.4光强度传感器BH1750fvi电路.................................................-14-3.4.1BH1750fvi概述.........................................................-14-3.5红外传感器C20电路.........................................................-14-3.6LCD12864电路..............................................................-15-3.7Max232串口转换电路........................................................-16-3.8报警电路...................................................................-16-第4章系统软件设计...............................................................-17-4.1nRF24L01无线射频模块......................................................-17-4.2DHT11温湿度数据采集模块...................................................-22-4.2.1DHT11通讯过程.......................................................-22-4.2.2DHT11数据采集流程图.................................................-23-4.2.3DHT11部分代码.......................................................-23-4.3BH1750fvi光照强度数据采集模块..............................................-24-徐飞：蔬菜大棚智能数据采集系统设计IV4.3.1BH1750fvi流程图见图..................................................-24-4.3.2BH1750fvi部分代码....................................................-25-4.4AMPIRE12864液晶显示器..........................