2.3词汇教学中存在的问题受Krashen的第二语言习得理论的影响,语法教学在我国外语教学中曾日渐冷落。盛行一时的交际法因教师素质、学生学习动机、学习时间与外语水平限制而难以推广。名目繁多的考试驱使许多师生陷入到茫茫题海战术中,大量精力投入到细致的语法项目研究和词义辨析上,课文讲解主要是几个语言点,加上零散的语言项目,很多学生少有语言积累,多用英语词汇和汉语思维加上不牢固的语法知识来造句,故学生语言技能和语言运用间严重失调,难以适应时代发展要求。在实际教学中,早期的英语教学一般采用单一的教学法或模式。50,60年代的语法分析和翻译法过多地强调语言知识和语言基础的重要性,教师往往把大量时间花在词汇、语义和句法的讲解上,重视书面语言信息的输入,学生认真听,拼命记,课堂成了“满堂灌”、“填鸭式”。其结果是,学生语言创造性机制的形成和发展受到约束,主动性和积极性得不到充分发挥,到头来还是死的语言。以往的教师授课都固于一个模式,那就是先教单词、短语,再讲授课文和做练习。有的教师只按照课后的词汇表,详细地讲解单词的拼写、音标、词性和搭配等,对于单词的文化背景却只字不提,学生对语言差异问题缺乏了解,对很多单词和词组只停留在表面上的认识,不知其用,以致产生交际方面的一系列错误;其次有的教师只注重了语音、语法和句型的教学,对于词汇教学没有给予应有的重视,导致学生找不到正确的学习方法,对英语学习失去了信心,从而也失去了兴趣;有的教师在教学中,没有依据课标的要求,而是对每个单词都同等对待,只按照单词表一字不漏地教授单词,这样无疑给学生的学习增加了难度,加重了学生的负担;有些教师还成了“词典专家”,把那个单词的意义一个不少地抄给学生,然后让他们课后去背,使许多学生觉得学习单词太枯燥无味,对单词渐渐失去了兴趣,久而久之,便产生了厌烦的心理。由于学生在外语学习时强迫注意力,结果产生了潜意识反感,使注意力和记忆力都处于麻痹状态。这种习以为常的错误做法,使外语学习的过程成了学习者信心与耐力被打击的过程。整个学习过程便由于教学方法的不当和不正确的学习态度而陷入了恶性循环。灵活多样的教学法的结合是词汇教学成功的重要因素之一。80年代开始流行的“交际法”因着重强调语言应用能力的重要性而使交际活动成了课堂的主要手段。尤其是近几年来各种新编英语教材的出台,一改传统的注重书面阅读和笔头练习的训练,突出了交际口语能力的培养,使得课堂变成了口语对话、小组讨论或个人演讲的舞台。此时的语篇分析、词汇训练、英汉对比被冷落在一旁。这种纯粹以语言为中心的教学法思想是难以对学生进行语言技能的综合训练,不符合当今外语教学实际的。较正确的教学思想应该是以学习过程为中心,以交际法和英汉对比分析为主,兼容并蓄,因人而异,因材施教。关于词汇的掌握,目前有一种偏见,以为现在提倡任务型语言教学,就是不教词汇,只是猜测和活动。实际任务型教学的倡导者并没有反对语法和词汇教学,而只是提倡在使用中学习,在完成任务中学习。任务型语言教学的一个基本做法是让学生在教师的指导下,通过感知、体验、实践、参与和合作等方式,完成如填表等多种形式的任务活动,在真实和接近真实的情境中学会词汇的意义,掌握词汇的用法。词汇等语言形式的教学与语言实践的关系是辩证的。学生通过“用语言做事”的方式来掌握语言。在活动中,教师需要对整个活动的过程进行有效的引导。在“用语言做事”的过程中,学生可以通过亲身体验和感受的方式较为牢固地掌握词汇。词汇学习不应该是简单的词汇表的记忆和学习,而是学习者积极参与的一种过程,是学习者需要掌握的一种技能。在英语教学过程中,教师是主导,学生是主体。只有教师教得得法,学生学得得法,才能解决词汇的记忆问题。In2.3vocabularyteachingsexistentproblemBesubjectedtoKrashentheinfluenceofthesecondlanguageacquisitiontheories,thephrasingteachingisintheourcountrytheforeignlanguageteachingoncedayGraduallyunfrequented.Widelyacceptedatthattimeofsocialintercoursemethodbecauseofteacher'scharacter,student'slearningmotive,studytimeandforeignlanguagelevelRestrictionbuthardexpansion.Theexaminationthatthetitleareofagreatvarietyordersaboutmanyteachersandthestudentstosinkintoaboundlessseamilitarytactics,agreatdealofTheenergythrowsinmeticulousresearchandphraserighteousnessofthephrasingitemtodifferentiateandanalyzeup,text'sexplainindetailisafewlanguagestoorder,Pluszerothelanguageitemspread,therarelanguagebacklogofalotofstudents,useEnglishvocabularyandChineselanguagethinkingmoretoplusRicketyandsolidphrasingknowledgetoconstructsentence,pastthestudent'slanguagetechnicalabilityandlanguageusage'sseveritybeoutoftune,hardorientationTheagesdevelopsarequest.Intheactualteaching,theEnglishteachinginearlierperiodgenerallyadoptssingleteachingmethodormode.50,60Phrasinganalysisandtranslationmethodinageexcessivelyemphasizelanguageknowledgeandthelanguagebasalimportance,teacherusuallySpendagreatdealoftimeontheexplainindetailofthevocabulary,languagerighteousnessandthesentenceconstruction,valuetheimportationofthewrittenlanguageinformation,studentHardlistento,tryveryhardtorecord,theclassroombecamethefullhallinfuse,filladucktype.ItsresultBE,student'slanguagecreatessexFormationanddevelopmentofmechanismarecannotgetbystipulation,activeandaggressivewellexertive,intheendstilldieOflanguage.Theformerteachergivelessonsallsolidatamode,thatistoteachasinglephrase,shortlanguagefirst,thenspeakateachingTextwithdoapractice.Thesometeacherindetailexplainsindetailaputtogetherofsinglephrasetowritejustaccordingtothevocabularyformoflessonempress,phoneticsymbol,Phrasewithmatchetc.,don'tlifttotheculturalbackgroundbutofthesinglephraseword,thestudentlackedtothelanguagedifference'sproblemSolution,stayaroundsuperficialunderstandingtoalotofsinglephrasesandphrasesets,don'tknowthatituse,withtheresultthatcreationsocialintercourseOfaseriesmistake;Theteachersecondlyhadtheteachingwhichpaidattentiontospeech,phrasingandsentenceconstruction,teachtothevocabularyLearngiveshouldhaveofvalue,causethestudentcannotfindacorrectstudymethod,losttotheEnglishstudyConfidencealsolostinterestthus;Someteachersareintheteaching,withoutbasislessonobjectrequest,butrightnessEachsinglephrasesalltheequaltreat,gastightlyteachasinglephrasejustaccordingtosinglephrasetableaword,sodoubtlessgiveastudentThestudyincreasedadifficultyandaggravatedthestudent'sburden;SometeachersreturnphraseDianexpert,chasethatlistThemeaningofthephrase1notafewlycopiestothestudent,thenletstheirlessoncarryonthebackbehindandmakemanystudentsfeelastudylistThephraseistoodull,graduallylostinteresttothesinglephraseandastimepassesandthenproducedtiredofmentalstate.FromForceattentionwhentheforeignlanguagestudyatthestudent,producedsubconsciousbadimpressionasaresult,makeattentionandmemoryallBeplacedintoparalyzeappearance.Thefalsewayofdoingthatthiskindofaccustomto,maketheprocessofforeignlanguagestudybecomelearnerconfidencewithBeartheprocessthatthedintisfight.ThewholelearningprocessthenbecauseofteachingmethodofnotappropriatewithinaccuracyofstudyattitudeButsankintoviciouscycle.Diversevividteachingmethod'scombineisoneoftheimportantfactorofsuccessofthevocabularyteaching.Startflowin80'sSocialintercoursemethodofgoemphasizesthatthelanguageappliestheimportan