词汇在英语片章的衔接作用

0LexicalItemsasMeansofCohesioninEnglishTexts词汇在英语片章的衔接作用1AbstractCohesionisoneoftheimportantpartofthediscourse,itisanimportantmeanstorealizecoherence,lexicalcohesionintogrammaticalcohesionandlexicalcohesion,grammaticalcohesionbygrammaticalmeanstoachieve,andlexicalcohesionreferstotwoormorewordsareaskedlexicalmeaningsacrosstendayofcontactthroughoutthetext,namelytheestablishmentofachaininthediscourseandthechoiceofwordsbyusing,andinordertoachievecoherentpurpose.Lexicalcohesionfordiscoursecoherenceplaysanimportantroleinthebasicandkey.Thisarticlefromthereiterationandcollocationtwoaspectsdiscussestheimportanceoflexicalcohesionindiscourse.KeywordsLexicalcohesion;discourse;coherence;reiteration;collocation2［摘要］衔接是语篇的重要组成部分之一，它是实现语篇连贯性的重要手段,词汇衔接可分为语法衔接和词汇衔接，语法衔接靠语法手段来实现，而词汇衔接是指跨越旬际的两个或多个词项相互之问词汇意义上的联系，即通过词汇的选择和运用在语篇中建立一个贯穿篇章的链条，并以此来达到连贯的目的。词汇衔接对于实现语篇连贯起着基础而关键的作用。本文从复现和搭配两个方面探讨词汇衔接在语篇中的重要性。［关键词］词汇衔接；语篇；连贯；复现；搭配3ContentsEnglishAbstract………………………………………………….1ChineseAbstract………………………………………………….2Introduction………………………………………………………..41.Reiteration………………………………………………………41.1Repeat…………………………………………………………..51.2Synonymsandnearsynonyms………………………………..61.3Hyponymy……………………………………………………...71.4Generalword…………………………………………………...72.Collocation……………………………………………….............82.1Antisenseandcomplementary…………………………………82.2Collocation………………………………………………………9Conclusion…………………………………………………………...11Bibliography………………………………………………………...114IntroductionCohesionisasemanticconcept．Itrefersto‘relationsofmeaningthatexist‘withinthetext，andthatdefineitasatext(fflalliday&Hasan1976)．Theyusetheterracohesivetietodescribetheindividualinstanceofcohesion．Hoeyclaimsthatcohesioncanbedefinedas‘'thewaycertainwordsorgrammaticalfeaturesofasentencee．anconnectthatsentencetoitspredecessorsandsuccessors(1991：3)．Crystal(1987)definescohesionas“thosesurfacestructurefeaturesofallutteranceortextwhichlinkdifferentpartsofsentencesorlargerunitsofdiscourse．Coherence，justasitsLatinrootexplains,means‘sticktogether’；itreferstotherelationshipwhichlinkthemeaningsofsentencesinatextortheutterancesinadiscourse．Atanypointafterthebeginning,whathasgonebeforeprovidestheenvironmentforwhatiscomingnext”．Vocabularyisthebasicunitofdiscourse.However,atextisnotjustasimplecombinationofwords,includingthechoiceofwords,organizationandpolymerization.Sayfromthismeaning,lexicalcohesionfordiscoursecoherenceplaysanimportantroleinthebasicandkey.Hoeythinkslexicalcohesionfordiscoursestructureisveryimportant.Lexicalcohesionincludesreiterationandcollocation.1.Reiteration5Lexicalreiterationisthroughawordtoword,synonyms,nearsynonyms,hyponymsorotherformsofrepetitioninthetext,thetextofthesentencebythisreiterationtothemutualconvergence.1.1RepeatRepeatreferstotherepeateduseofthesamewordorphrase,thepurposeistoachievesemanticcohesionandcoherenceindiscourse.Theuseofrepeatcanalsoplaysomerhetoricaleffect,emphasizethetopicofconversationandtoexpressstrongfeelings.Lexicalrepetitioncanbecategorizedintothefollowingmajortypes-SimpleRepetitionSimplelexicalrepetition.whenalexicalitemthathasalreadyoccurredinatextiswithnogreateralterationthanisentirelyexplicableintermsofaclosedgrammaticalparadigm(Hoeyl991：53)，Forexample：thesingularorpluralparadigmofanounGenerallyspeaking,therepeatedwordsarethosekeywordsinsentencesortextsandcarryimportantinformation,onlyopen-setlexicalitemsformsuchkindofrepetition．Thelinksformedbetweensomegrammaticalitemsasdeterminers，propositions,auxiliaries，negatives，co．ordinatol3,subordinators,sentenceconjunctions(orconjuncts)，sub-modifiers，orparticleswillnotbetreatedaslinks．Forexample:Butonehundredyearslater,wemustfacethetragicfactthattheNegroisstillnotfree.Onehundredyearslater,thelifeoftheNegrois6stillsadlycrippledbythemanaclesofsegregationandthechainsofdiscrimination.Onehundredyearslater,theNegrolivesonalonelyislandofpovertyinthemidstofavastoceanofmaterialprosperity.Onehundredyearslater,theNegroisstilllanguishinginthecornersofAmericansocietyandfindshimselfanexileinhisownland.Sowehavecomeheretodaytodramatizeanappallingcondition.ThispassageisfromMartinRuudKim'sfamousspeechIhaveadream.Inthesewords,onehundredyearslaterthephraserepeatedfourtimes,greatlystrengthenedthecohesionofdiscourse,andgivenaclearmessage:onehundredyearsago,LincolnsignedtheDeclarationoftheliberationofblackslaves;butonehundredyearslater,theNegroisstillstrugglinginthebottomofsocietythereisnofreedom1.2SynonymsandnearsynonymsSynonymsandnearsynonymsreferstowordswiththesamemeaningorsimilarmeaning,becauseofthesimilarityoftheideographicfunctiontogetherin.Inliteraryworks,wordsoftenemergeintheformofsynonyms,canavoidthediscoursemonotonous,canbemoreprecisemeaning,moreaccuratelyconvey.Forexample:…andthroughtheswaying,palpitantvision,asthroughafairymirage,hestaredattherealwoman,sittingthereandtalkingofliteratureandart.JackLondon,MartinEden）Heretheheandwomanwhichreferstothecharacters,Martin7ImaandRuth.Therearetwosynonymsinthesentence:swayingandpalpitant,visionandmirage.TheuseindiscoursedepictsMartinforthefirsttimeintheRuthhometoseetheheroinewhenscene:MartinwasstruckbyRuth'