语法填空专题讲解.

高中英语语法填空RationalCloze解题技巧Learninggoals:1.Tolearnsomerulesandskillsabouttherationalcloze.2.Toimprovethestudents'abilityoftherationalclozebymasteringsomeskillsanddoingexercises.What’stheusualwayyoufulfillthetaskrationalcloze?三步完成:概读理解–分析填空–连贯检查语法词法句法章法惯用法思考：面对语法填空中如此繁杂的语法点，我们到底该怎样入手呢?虚词冠词a,an,the介词in,at,on,with,without,for,by,from,before,after,through,over,under...并列连词(连接并列句)并列关系：and,or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...but(also),both...and转折关系：but,yet因果关系：for,so从句引导词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,that,who(m),as,whosewhen,where,why名词性从句连接词that,whether,if连接代词what(ever),who(ever)连接副词when,where,why,how状语从句从属连词when,while,as,since,until,where,because,although,though,if,sothat,suchthat,before,after...实词动词谓语动词：时态，语态,主谓一致非谓语动词：-ing，-ed，todo及变形名词单复数形容词/副词比较级、最高级；反义词词性转换Task1:题型解读思考：高中英语试卷语法填空以什么方式出题？1.挖空处要求填入适当的单词。2.设题方式分为和_10纯空格型有提示词型语法填空题—空格设计纯空格有提示词给出了动词的试题词类词义转换题谓语动词，非谓语动词,名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词的比较级或最高级代词(pronoun)、冠词(article)、介词(prep.)、情态动词(modalverbs)、连词(conj.)或从句引导词一、纯空格试题的解题技巧冠词或(物主)代词•无提示词1.Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey….Sothefarmerkilled[40]__________goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.2.WhenIseethechildintheshop,IthinkofLucy.Shewas[35]________shyandbeautifulgirl.3.Thelittleboypulled[33]________righthandoutofthepocket…4.IcansendamessagetoKenwheneverIwantto,and______getstherealmostinasecond.theahis考点归纳:(1-3)名词前面若没有限定词（定冠词，不定冠词，形容词性物主代词，不定代词),很可能考查限定词。(4)主句缺主语或宾语，很可能考查代词。讨论归纳it介词•无提示词•与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等•与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语1.Thescienceinstitutespendsabout3.5milliondollarseveryyear______robotresearch.2....,Lovedecidedtoaskforhelp.Richnesswaspassing_______Loveinagrandboat.onby考点归纳:介词的基本用法及惯用搭配介词的使用要注意搭配和上下文语境提示。讨论归纳连词或从句引导词•无提示词1.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,______hefeltveryhappy.2…allIsawwasthisbeautifulgirl,whosesmilejustmelted(使融化/软化)me_______gavemeacompletelynewsenseofwhatlifeisallabout.butand考点归纳:同一个主语发出两个或几个动作，且时态一致，中间没有连词，一定是填连词(并列连词和转折连词）。讨论归纳连词(并列连词和转折连词）从句引导词1.Wheneverhewasdiscouragedorfacedwithdifficultproblemshewouldopenthebox,takeoutanimaginarykiss,andremembertheloveofthisbeautifulchild______________hadputitthere.2.Itsangthesweetestmelody(曲调)________shehadeverheard.3.Thehouse________windowarebrokenisempty.who/that考点归纳：定语从句中缺主语,宾语或定语，一定是填适当的关系代词，如：who,that,which,whom，whose。thatwhose定语从句---关系代词考点归纳：定语从句中缺地点状语用________,缺时间状语用_________________，缺原因状语用____________。1.Thesearethereasons______wedoit.2.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_______hegrewupasachild.3.Icanstillrememberthemoment_______thespacestewardesscalledusalltothecapsule.wherewhywhenwherewhywhen定语从句---关系副词1.IlostsightofWangPingwhenwereached__________lookedlikealargemarketbecauseoftoomanycarriagesflyingbyinalldirections.2.Weheardthenews_________ourteamhadwon.3._________interestedhermostwasthelongitudeline.4.Thequestionis_______________weshouldgoonwiththework.what考点归纳：名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。要注意what引导名词性从句的用法。thatWhat名词性从句宾从同位语从句主从whether表从1._______theyarrivedatdryland,theelderwentherownway.2._____itrainstomorrow,Iwon'tgo.3.Hewassotired_____hecouldn'tgo.4.________heispoor,he'sstillhappy.5.Pleaseputthemedicine______childrencan'treachit.6.Hecan'tcome________heisill.When考点归纳：状语从句包括时间状语从句，条件状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，目的状语从句和方式状语从句。状语从句IfthatAlthoughwherebecause二、给出了提示词型的解题技巧考点归纳：句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态，时态考虑要瞻前顾后。1.Butthings________(change)whenhecametothenewschool.2.Rightafterhe_______________(rescue)bythesoldiersfromtheruins,hesalutedandsmiledtothem.3.Sincethebeginningofhistory,people_______________(use)riversfortransportation.changedwasrescued1）动词——谓语动词haveused考点归纳：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用现在分词doing，过去分词done，还是不定式todo。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。1.______(use)foralongtime,thebooklooksold.2._______(use)thebook,Ifindituseful.3.________(see)fromthehill,thecitylookslikeabiggarden.4.Ilookedatthepairofsmallobjects_______(call)“thoughtpads”onatable.UsedUsing2)动词——非谓语动词(1)Seencalled1.Hesawthestone,______(say)tohimself:“Thenightwillbeverydark.”2.Theheadmasterwentintothelab,________(follow)bytheforeignguests.saying考点归纳：分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形式。与句中主语是主动关系使用现在分词；与句中主语是被动关系使用过去分词。followed非谓语动词(2)1.____________(complet)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.Tocomplete考点归纳：作目的状语或者在固定结构中，一般用todo形式。2.Theyoungstudentdidallthathecould______(pass)theexaminations.topass非谓语动词(3)3）词类转换1.BecauseonlyTimeiscapableofunderstandinghow______________(value)Loveis.2.Hissmilewaslikesunshinewhichwarmedpeoplewhowerein_________(sad).3.Thegirlwas_____________(frighten)thathewouldflyaway.4.“Nowpullupthesecond.”Theyouthobeyedbutfoundthatthetaskwas_________________(difficult).5.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid__________(rude).6.Itwouldbe___________(believe)thatsuchanhonestmanshouldhavebetrayedhisfriends.valuablesadnessfrightenedmoredifficultrudelyunbelievable根据语义,确定词形分析句子,确定词性解题四步走提示：四步走归根到底其实就是寻找依据．每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据通读全文,理解大意总结提升检查搭配,前后连贯Expertssaythereareseveralwaystodealwithstress.Theyincludedeepbreathingandamethodofguidedthoughtcalledmeditation.Theyalsoinc