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语法术语英汉对照表Aactivesentence主动句activevoice主动态ability能力absoluteconstruction独立结构abstractnoun抽象名词adjective形容词adjunct修饰性状语adverb副词adverbofdegree程度副词adverboffrequency频度副词adverbofmanner方式副词adverbofplace地点副词adverboftime时间副词adverbial状语adverbialclauseofcause原因状语分句adverbialclauseofconcession让步状语分句adverbialclauseofcondition条件状语分句adverbialclauseofmanner方式状语分句adverbialclauseofplace地点状语分句adverbialclauseofpurpose目的状语分句adverbialclauseofresult结果状语分句adverbialclauseoftime时间状语分句adverbphrase副词词组affix词缀allomorph词素变体alternativeform替换形式alternativequestion选择疑问句analyticrule分析形式ananphoricspecificreference后照应anticipatory“it”先行itantonym反义词appositive同位语appopriacy适合性aspect体assertiveword肯定词attribute定语attributiveclause定语从句auxiliary组动词Bbareinfinitive不带to的不定式baseform原形basicclausetype分句基本类型/基本句型basicform基本形式be-passivebe-型被动态be-subjunctivebe-型虚拟式boundmorpheme粘贴词素Ccardinalnumeral基数词case格cataphoricreference前照应cataphoricspecialreference前照应特指centraladjective中心形容词centraldeterminer中位限定词clausalsubstitution分句性替代clause分句claudeelement分句成分cleftsentence分裂句closedclass封闭词类collectivenoun集体名词command/imperativesentence祈使句commoncase通格commongender通性commonnoun普通名词communicativefunction交际功能comparativeclause比较分句comparativeconstruction比较结构comparativedegree比较级comparativereference比较照应complementation补足成分complexpreposition复杂介词complexsentence复杂句complexsubordinator复杂从属连词complextransitiveverb复杂宾语及物动词complexphrase复杂动词词组compoundadjective复合形容词compoundadverb复合副词compound-complexsentence并列复杂句compoundconjunction复合连词compoundnoun复合名词compoundpredicate并列谓语compoundpreposition复合介词compoundpronoun复合代词compoundsentence并列句compoundsubject并列主语compoundverb复合动词compoundword复合词concord/agreement一致conditional条件句conjunction连词conjunctiveadverb连接副词conjunct连接性状语contentword实义词contractedform缩略形式contrastivemeaning对比含义coordinateelement并列成分coordinateconstruction并列结构coordinatedsubject并列结构作主语coordinator并列连词coreferencepro-form指代词correctness正确性correlativecoordinator关联并列连词correlativesubordinator关联从属连词count/countablenoun可数名词Ddanglingparticiple悬垂分词definitearticle冠词definitequantity确定数量definitespecificreference确定特指demonstrativedeterminer指示限定词demonstrativepronoun指示代词dependentclause从属分句derivationalaffix派生词缀derivative派生词derivativeadverb派生副词derivativenoun派生名词determination决心determinativegenitive限定词性属格determinativegenitivepronoun限定词性属格代词determiner限定词directobject直接宾语directspeech直接引语discontinuousmodification分隔修饰disjunct评注性状语distransitiveverb双宾语及物动词doublegenitive双重属格doublenegative双重否定doublepredicate双重谓语doublerelativeclause双重关系分句dynamicadjective动态形容词dynamicverb动态代词Eearliertime先时性-edparticiple-ed分词-edparticipleclause-ed分词分句ellipsis省略embeddedrelativeclause嵌入式关系分句emphasizer强调句emphasizer强调句emphaticuse强调性用法empty“it虚义itendfocus句尾焦点endweight句尾重点exclamation/exclamatorysentence感叹句existentialsentence存在句explanatoryadverb解说副词Ffemininegender阴性finiteclause限定分句finiteform限定形式finiteverb限定动词finiteverbphrase限定代词词组firstperson第一人称focalelement中心成分four-wordpreposition四词介词fractionnumeral分数词freemorpheme自由词素fronting前置fullsentence完全句functionword功能词Ggender性generalquestion一般疑问句genitivecase名词属格genitivenoun名词属格genitivepronoun属格代词genericreference类指gerund动名词get-passiveget-被动态gradable可等级的gradablenoun可等级名词gradableadjective可等级形容词grammaticalconcord语法一致grammaticalconnector语法纽带grammaticalform语法形式Hhead/headword中心词historicpresent历史性现在时hypotheticalmeaning假设意义Iimperativemood祈使式impliedconditional含蓄条件句indefinitearticle不定冠词indefinitedeterminer不定限定词indefinitequantity非确定数量indefinitepronoun不定代词indefinitespecificinference非确定特指independentclause独立分句independentgenitive独立属格indicativemood陈述式indirectobject间接宾语indirectspeech间接引语individualnoun个体名词infinitive不定式infinitiveclause不定式分句-ingparticiple-ing分词-ingparticipleclause-ing分词分句inflectionalplural不规则复数irregularverb不规则动词insistence坚持intention意图interjection感叹词interrogativedeterminer疑问限定词intransitiveverb不及物动词Kkeyword关键词known/giveninformation已知信息Llatertime后时性lexicalconnector词汇纽带lexicalmeaning词汇意义linearstructure线性结构linkingverb连系动词logicalconnector逻辑纽带logicalnecessity逻辑必然Mmainclause主句mainverb主动词marginalsubordinator边际从属连词marginalmodalauxiliary边际情态助动词masculinegender阳性massnoun不可数名词materialnoun物质名词meaning义minorsentence不完全句modalauxiliary情态助动词modification修饰morpheme词素morphemeword单词素词multi-wordverb多词动词Nnear-synonym近义词necessity必然neutergender中性newinformation新信息nominalclause名词性分句nominalgenitivepronoun名词性属格代词nominalsubstitution名词性替代nominativeabsoluteconstruction独立主格结构nominativeabsoluteparticipialconstruction独立主格分词结构non-factualmeaning非事实意义non-finiteform非限定形式non-assertiveword非肯定词non-count/uncountablenoun不可数名词non-finiteclause非限定分句non-finiteverb非限定动词non-finiteverbphrase非限定动词词组non-gradableadjective非等级形容词non-referringit非指代性“itnon-restrictivemodifier非限制修饰语non-restrictiverelativeclause非限制性关系分句normal/naturalorder正常、自然语序notionalconcord意义一致notionalsubject实意主语notionalverb实义动词noun名词nounofcommongender通性名词nounphrase名词词组nucleus调核number数Oobject宾语objectcomplement宾语补语objectcase宾格obligation义务one-wordadjective单词形容词one-wordsubordinator单词从属连词openclass开放词类operator操作词ordinalnumeral序数词Pparallelconstruction平行结构paragraph段落partialnegation局部否定partitive/unitnoun单位词passivesentence被动句passive