语法词汇词性转换

考点一、形容词转化为副词形容词加­ly变副词的规律1．一般情况下，直接在形容词的词尾加­lypolite→politely有礼貌地careful→carefully细心地2．以­y结尾的形容词把y改为i,再加­lyhappy→happily高兴地easy→easily容易地例外：shy→shyly害羞地3．以­le结尾的形容词需去掉e再加­ygentle→gently温和地possible→possibly可能地4.以­ue结尾的形容词需去掉e再加­lytrue→truly真实地考点二、名词与形容词的转化1．名词变形容词时常加的后缀：­alnature→natural自然的nation→national国家的­erneast→eastern东方的north→northern北方的­fulcare→careful仔细的，小心的mouth→mouthful一口­engold→golden金色的，金的wood→wooden木质的­lesscare→careless粗心的harm→harmless无害的­anEurope→European欧洲的America→American美国的­ablereason→reasonable合理的comfort→comfortable舒适的­ishfool→foolish愚蠢的child→childish孩子般的­ydirt→dirty脏的wind→windy有风的­lyfriend→friendly友好的love→lovely可爱的2．形容词变名词时常加的后缀：­nesshappy→happiness幸福ill→illness疾病­thtrue→truth真理warm→warmth温暖­ydifficult→difficulty困难考点三、形容词与动词的转化1．形容词变动词时常加的前、后缀：en­rich→enrich丰富able→enable使能够­enwide→widen加宽sharp→sharpen削尖short→shorten缩短soft→soften软化­izemodern→modernize现代化­ysimple→simplify简化2．动词变形容词时常加的后缀：­ouscontinue→continuous持续的vary→various各种各样的­edexcite→excited感到兴奋的surprise→surprised吃惊的­ingexcite→exciting令人兴奋的surprise→surprising令人吃惊的考点四、动词转化为名词动词变名词时常加的后缀：­ionoperate→operation手术­ationprepare→preparation准备­siondecide→decision决定conclude→conclusion结论­mentargue→argument争论judge→judgment判断­anceaccept→acceptance接受appear→appearance出现­encerefer→reference参考exist→existence存在­alrefuse→refusal拒绝arrive→arrival到达­er/­orteach→teacher教师direct→director导演考点五、普通名词转化为特定人物常跟在名词后用来指人的后缀：­eroffice→officer官员farm→farmer农夫­eseChina→Chinese中国人Japan→Japanese日本人­ianmusic→musician音乐家Canada→Canadian加拿大人­istscience→scientist科学家novel→novelist小说家考点六、形容词、副词的否定前缀1．un­＋形容词unhappy不高兴的unlucky不走运的unfair不公平的unusual不同寻常的unimportant不重要的2．un­＋副词unusually不同寻常地unluckily不走运地unhappily不高兴地unfortunately不幸地3．im­＋形容词impossible不可能的impolite不礼貌的impatient没有耐心的4．in­＋形容词incorrect不正确的independent独立的[随堂即时训练]Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．(2014·湖北高考)Hermotivationforwritingwasadesireforwomentogettherighttohighereducation(educate)．2．(2014·贵州六校联考)Herejectedtheideathathecouldnotdoarithmeticandwasdetermined(determine)toshowthemthathecould.3.(2014·山西师大附中模拟)Thisnewmix­and­matchjunkfoodtrendhastakenoffamongyoungaudiencesdespiteitsunhealthy(health)nature.4．(2014·长春模拟)Beginninganewlifeinanewplacecanbeverypuzzling(puzzle)．5．(2014·吉林大学附中模拟)Theyareplanningtowiden(wide)theroadoutsideourhouse.6．(2014·贵州模拟)Heputthemedicineinatopdrawertomakesureitwouldnotbeaccessible(access)tothekids.7．(2014·银川模拟)Ifweleaverightaway,hopefully(hopeful)we'llarriveontime.8．Hetookamouthful(mouth)ofthebittermedicineandmadeaface.Ⅱ.语法填空(重点训练词性转换)Afathersatathisdesklookingatandcarefullystudyinghis1.monthly(month)billwhenhisyoungsonrushedinandannounced.“Dad,becausethisisyourbirthdayandyouare55yearsold,I'mgoingtogiveyou55kisses,oneforeachyear！”2.Butthefatherexclaimed,“Oh,Peter,don'tdoitnow.I'mtoobusy！”Theboyimmediatelyfell3.silent(silence)astearsrolleddownfromhisbigblueeyes.Thefathersaid,“Youcanfinishlater.”Theboysaidnothingbut4.quietly(quiet)walkedaway,5.disappointment(disappoint)writtenoverhisface.Thateveningthefathersaid,“Comeandfinishthekissesnow,Peter！”Buttheboydidn'trespond.6．Unfortunately(fortunate),theboyhadanaccidentandwasdrowned.Hisheartbrokenfatherwrote,“IfonlyI7.couldtellhimhowmuchIregretmythoughtlesswordsandmakesurethatheknowshowmuchmyheartisaching.”Loveisatwo­waystreet.Anylovingactmustbe8.warmly(warm)accepted.Nothingismore9.important(importance)thanrespondingwithlovetothecryforlovefromthose10.whoarenearandprecioustous.[专题检测]用所给单词的适当形式填空1．Marywasverysadatthenews,soshelookedsadlyatherhusband,hereyesfullofsadness.(sad)2．Heplayedfootballverywellandhewasoneofthebestplayersinyesterday'sfootballmatch.(play)3．Look！HowhappilyKateislaughing！Sheseemstobethehappiestgirlintheworld.(happy)4．Tooursatisfaction,_theheadmasterwasverysatisfiedwithourreport.(satisfy)5．Edisonwasagreatinventor.Duringhislifehehadmanyinventions.(invent)6．Ishouldsimplifymytaskandmakeitsimpler/simpletofinishit.(simple)7．Theboyhavingtheappearanceofbeinghalfstarveddisappeared,_nevertobeseenagain.(appear)8．ThepolicediscoveredthepotanduncoveredaplotagainstthePresident.(cover)9．Youaresokindtohelpme.Thankyouforyourkindness.(kindly)10．Everythingisbecomingmore_expensivethanbeforeandmanycollegestudentshadtoworktomakesomemoneyfortheircollegeexpenses.(expend)