数词复习要点:1.基数词、序数词和分数词的构成及基本用法。2.数词作主语时的主谓一致。基础知识数词主要包括基数词、序数词和分数词。基数词是表示数目多少的数词,序数词是表示先后顺序的数词。分数词由基数词和序数词构成。一、基数词基数词分为:具体能表示出个数的实指基数词和不能表示出具体的虚指基数词。前者如:one,two,dozen,score等等;后者如:hunderdsof,tensof,billionsof①实指基数词1.小数小数点:point零:zero或naught小数英文表示:例如5.36:fivepointthirty-six;1.278onepointteoseveneight2.分数分子用基数词,分子用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母用复数形式。如,one-third,two-thirds3.百分数由基数词+percent构成如75%seventy-fivepercent4.时间格式:①日月,年10May,1997②月日,年May10,1997刻钟表示法:分针所指不到三十分时常用past,超过三十分时用to。一刻钟即十五分钟可用quarter,如:8:25twenty-fivepasteight6:30sixthirty/halfpastsix7:50tentoeight9:45aquartertoten/fifteentoten5.编号。表示房间时,不用序数词,常用room+基数词,如room812;Class5,Grade3,theSecondWorldWar=WorldWarTwo习惯用语:onebyone一个接一个;oneandall=everyone每人,所有人;oneatatime每次一个;atonetime从前,一度;onesandtwos零零星星;twosandthrees三三两两;atsixesandsevens乱七八糟注意:1.hundred,thousand,million,billion,dozen,score等前有具体数字或several,afew等修饰时,一般不用复数;在表示不确切数目时,可用复数。如:Severalmillionpeopleintheworldareusingthisbrandoftoothpasteeveryday.Myteacherwenttothebookstoreandboughtdozensofbooks.2.表示年岁时,用“inone’s+逢十的基数词的复数”。如:inhisforties。3.表示年代时,用“inthe+逢十的基数词的复数”。基数词的复数若用阿拉伯数字表示,可直接加s,也可加’s。如:inthe1950’s/1950s。二、序数词第一:first;第二:second;第三:third;第四:fourth;第五:fifth;第六:sixth;第七:seventh;第八:eighth;第九:ninth;第十二:twelfth;第十九:nineteenth;第二十:twentieth;第二十一:twentieth-first;第四十:fortieth注意:1.序数词前通常要加定冠词the或与物主代词一起使用,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语等。E.g.Sheisalwaysthefirstonetocomeandthelastonetoleaveinheroffice.Heisthelastmaniwanttoturnto.2.序数词前也可加不定冠词,表示“再一,又一”。如:athirdtime,athirdandafourth等。E.g.iwanttovisityouasecondtime.3.序数词也有不加冠词的情况Theteamranksfirst/second/third...initscountry.Hecameoutfirst/secondinthecontest.4.习惯用语firstofall首先;atfirst起初;forthefirsttime第一次;thefirsttime...第一次......就......;inthefirstplace首先,从一开始;fromthefirst从头开始;first-class一流的;second-hand二手的;inasecond立刻;everysecondweek=everyotherweek=everytwoweeks每两周;三、分数词1.分数词是由基数词和序数词构成,分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示;除了分子为1的情况下,序数词都要用复数形式。如:1/3onethird;3/5threefifths;1/4onefourth或aquarter;3/4threefourths或threequarters;2.“分数/百分数+of+名词/代词”作主语时,谓语动词的数与名词或代词的数保持一致。如:Two-thirdsofhersparetimeisspentonhousework.80percentofthehousesweredamagedinthebigearthquake.3.基数词的位置基数词常在another,all之后,such,more之前;在last,next,other前后都可。如:Canyouhaveanthertwocakes?Icanfinishreadingfivesuchbooksinthreedays.Giveheronemoreappletoeat.=Giveheroneapplemoretoeat.四、常见考点高考对数词的考查主要集中在年龄表达法、年代表达法、序数词前加冠词及数词作主语时的主谓一致等。【考例】One-thirdofthecountry_______coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens_____blackpeople.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;areD.are;is根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子(每空一词)。1.Early______________(二十世纪七十年代)noonehadanyideathatthewomanwouldbecomeamillionairebyplantingflowers.2.Thereareagreatmanyoverseasstudentsinouruniversity,___________________(他们当中五分之二)comefromAsia.3.Everydayinmodernsociety_______________(几百万)customersgoshoppingontheInternet.4.____________________(每三年),scoresofstudentsfromtheforeignlanguageschoolaresenttoBritaintolearnEnglish.5.Youcangototherailwaystationonfoot.Itisonly____________________(十分钟的旅程).6.Tomlookedquitehealthythoughhewas________________(七十多岁了).★主谓一致主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上保持一致,应遵循以下三个原则:(1)就近一致:谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的主语(2)意义一致:主语形式为单数,意义是复数,谓语动词用复数;主语形式为复数,意义是单数,谓语动词用单数;(3)语法一致:主语为单数,谓语动词用单数;主语为复数,谓语动词用复数。1)就近一致原则(1)由or,notonly...butalso...,neither...nor...,either...or...,whether...or...(是…还是…;或者…或者…;不是…就是…;不管…还是…),notonly...butalso...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。NeitherhisparentsnorIamabletopersuadehimtochangehismind.(2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时,通常根据就近原则,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。(习题四)Hereisaruler,afewpencilsandtwocopybooks.2.意义一致原则(1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况①表示学科的名词以及works(工厂),news(消息)等作主语时,虽然本身为复数形式,但表示单数意义时,谓语动词仍用单数。Politics(政治)ishisfavoritesubject.②表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时,虽然形式上是复数,但所表示的意义是单数,所以谓语动词用单数。DoyouknowwhentheUnitedNationswassetup?(2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况表示总称意义的名词,如people,police,public,cattle等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Thepolicearesearchingforthemurderer.(3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定①集体名词,如family,class,group,team,club,company,government,population等作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义,强调整体概念时,谓语动词用单数;当其表示集体中各个组成部分,强调个体概念时,谓语动词用复数。AsfarasIknow,hisfamilyisnotverylargebutthefamilyareallmusiclovers.②“the+形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时,谓语动词用复数。Thepoorwerelookeddownuponintheolddays.3.语法一致原则(1)由and连接的两个名词作主语①“a/the+名词单数+and+名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份),谓语动词用单数。(习题六)Theteacherandpoetoftengiveslecturesaroundthecity.②“a/the+名词单数+and+a/the+名词单数”表示两个人,谓语动词用复数。Theteacherandthepoethavejustarrived.③“every+名词单数+and+every+名词单数”表示每一个人,谓语动词用单数。Everyboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducationinourcountry.④通常由两个部件组成的物品如:aknifeandfork(一副刀叉)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Breadandbutterisnottohistaste.(2)表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词,尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。Isfiftypoundsenough?(3)“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定,如果名词是可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。Two-thirdsofthebooksareaboutscience.Only30%oftheworkwasdoneyesterday.(4)★单复数同形的名词作主语,应根据其意义来决定谓语形式,常见的这类名词有:deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,means,works(工厂)等。如:Therearetensheeponthefarm,butthereareonlyfourgoats.(5)★表示成双成对的名词作主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式,这类名词有:trouser,shoe,chopstick,sunglass等。但如果其前有apairof,akindof等修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数。如:Apairoftrousersisonthebed.(6)★如果主语由more