12005年Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses-fiction,biography,poetry—weshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionwhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor;trytobecomehim.Behisfellowworkerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefiness,fromthetwistandturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,acquaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.既然书籍有不同的门类,如小说、传记、诗歌等,我们就应该把它们区分开来,并从每种中汲取它应当给我们提供的正确的东西;这话说起来固然容易,然而,很少有人要求从书籍中得到它们所能提供的东西,通常我们总是三心二意地带着模糊的观念去看书:要求小说情节真实,要求诗歌内容虚构,要求传记阿谀奉承,要求历史能加深我们自己的偏见。如果我们读书时能抛弃所有这些成见,那将是一个极可贵的开端。我们对作者不要指手划脚,而应努力站在作者的立场上,设想自己在与作者共同创作。假如你退缩不前,有所保留并且一开始就批评指责,你就在妨碍自己从你所读的书中得到最大的益处,然而,如果你能尽量敞开思想,那么,书中开头几句迂回曲折的话里所包含的几乎难以觉察的细微的迹象和暗示,就会把你引到一个与众不同的人物的面前去。如果你深入下去,如果你去认识这个人物,你很快就会领悟作者正在给你或试图给你某些明确得多的东西。2006年Ihavenothingtoofferbutblood,toil,tearsandsweat.Wehavebeforeusanordealofthemostgrievouskind.Wehavebeforeusmany,manymonthsofstruggleandsuffering.Youask,whatisouraim?Icananswerinoneword,itisvictory.Victoryatallcostsvictoryinspiteofallterrors---victory,howeverlongandhardtheroadmaybe,forwithoutvictorythereisnosurvival.Letthatberealized,nosurvivalfortheBritishEmpire,nosurvivalforallthatBritishEmpirehasstoodfor,nosurvivalfortheurge,theimpulseoftheages,thatmankindshallmoreforwardtowardhisgoal.Itakeupmytaskinbuoyancyandhope.Ifeelsurethatourcausewillnotbesufferedtofailamongmen.Ifeelentitledatthisjuncture,atthistime,toclaimtheaidofallandtosay,“Comethen,letusgoforwardtogetherwithourunitedstrength.我能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、泪水和汗水。我们所面临的将是一场极为残酷的考验,我们面临的将是旷日持久的斗争和苦难。你若问我们的目标是什么?我可以用一个词来概括,那就是胜利。不惜一切代价去夺取胜利,不畏惧一切恐怖去夺取胜利,不论前路再长再苦也要多去胜利,因为没有胜利纠无法生存!我们必须意识到,没有胜利就没有大英帝国,没有胜利就没有大英帝国所象征的一切,没有胜利就没有多少世纪以来强烈的要求和冲动:人类应当向自己的目标迈进。此刻,我的精神振奋,满怀信心地承当起自己的人物。我确信,只要我们大家联合,我们的事业就不会挫败。此时此刻千钧一发之际,我觉得我有权要求各方面的支持。我要呼吁:“来吧,让我们群策努力,并肩迈进!”22007年Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11,avianflu,andIranremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge-butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdoutessays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorefrenzied,collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.ForallthesereasonsIbelieved-andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday-intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的成分及生命的奇迹.与此同时,今天,人类所做的及没能做到的事情,不仅危害到这个星球上的生命,也危害到该星球的寿命。全球化正在使地球变得愈来愈小、愈来愈快和愈来愈富有。尽管如此,9/11、禽流感及伊朗提醒我们,更小更快的世界决不意味着其更安全。我们正处于一个知识爆炸的世界之中,不过,迫切需要智慧。现在,在(新闻采访的)原声摘要播出变得愈来愈短,即时信息淘汰了杂记文,个人生活变得如痴如狂之际,这个世界还是需要能够深思的大学生。考虑到这些理由,我过去信仰,而今天甚至更加强烈地信仰大学独特的、无可取代的使命。2008年But,ashasbeentrueinmanyothercases,whentheywereatlastmarried,themostidealofsituationswasfoundtohavebeenchangedtothemostpractical.Insteadofhavingsharedtheiroriginalduties,andasschool-boyswouldsay,goinghalves,theydiscoveredthatthecaresoflifehadbeendoubled.Thisledtosomedistressingmomentsforbothourfriends;theyunderstoodsuddenlythatinsteadofdwellinginheaventheywerestilluponearth,andhadmadethemselvesslavestonewlawsandlimitations.Insteadofbeingfreerandhappierthaneverbefore,theyhadassumednewresponsibilities;theyhadestablishedanewhousehold,andmustfulfillinsomewayoranothertheobligationsofit.Theylookedbackwithaffectiontotheirengagement;theyhadbeenlongingtohaveeachothertothemselves,apartfromtheworld,butitseemedtheyneverfeltsokeenlythattheywerestillunitsinmodernsociety.但是正如其他许多已经发生过的事情一样,当他们最终结婚后,发现最憧憬的生活变得再实际不过了。他们非但没有分担各自原先的责任---正如那些学生们所说“一半一半”,相反却发现生活的重担加倍了。这使得我们那两个结婚的朋友时常觉得沮丧;他们突然发现自己并没有过着天堂般的生活而是仍实实在在地生活在地球上,而且成为了新规则和新约束的奴隶。他们不但没有比以前更加自由和幸福反而承担了新的责任;他们建立了新的家庭所以必须用某种方式履行义务。他们深情地回想起订婚的那段时光,曾经如此地渴望拥有彼此而忘掉这个世界,然而现在最深切的感受却是自己仍是这个世界的一份子。32009年We,thehumanspecies,areconfrontingaplanetaryemergency–athreattothesurvivalofourcivilizationthatisgatheringominousanddestructivepotentialevenaswegatherhere.Butthereishopefulnewsaswell:wehavetheabilitytosolvethiscrisisandavoidtheworst–thoughnotall–ofitsconsequences,ifweactboldly,decisivelyandquickly.However,despiteagrowingnumberofhonorableexceptions,toomanyoftheworld'sleadersarestillbestdescribedinthewordsWinstonChurchillappliedtothosewhoignoredAdolfHitler'sthreat:Theygooninstrangeparadox,decidedonlytobeundecided,resolvedtobeirresolute,adamantfordrift,solidforfluidity,allpowerfu