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TheCircumstanceFactorsontheDevelopmentofPip’sCharactersinGreatExpectationsContentsAbstract.......................................................................................................................11.Introduction...........................................................................................................................21.1LifeandExperienceofCharlesDickens.............................................................................21.2ASimpleIntroductiontotheVictorianAge........................................................................21.3IntroductiontotheTheme...................................................................................................32.Pip’sCharacterDevelopment.......................................................................................42.1ChangingFromInnocencetoSnobbishnessafterHisFirstVisittoSatisHouseWhereHeMeetsEstella.............................................................................................................................42.2ChangingfromArrogancetoSincerityafterKnowingtheRealBenefactor.......................63.TheCircumstanceFactorsontheDevelopmentofPip’sCharacters.......73.1PeoplearoundHim..............................................................................................................73.1.1TheDignityofJoeCargery......................................................................................73.1.2TheCrueltyofMissHavisham................................................................................83.1.3TheArroganceofEstella..........................................................................................93.1.4ThegratitudeofMagwitch.....................................................................................103.2HisTerribleEducationalBackground...............................................................................113.3HisPoorFamilyBackground............................................................................................124.Conclusion...........................................................................................................................12References…………………………………………………………………………141TheCircumstanceFactorsontheDevelopmentofPip’sCharactersinGreatExpectationsAbstract:CharlesDickensisoneofthemostfamousrealisticnovelistsinEnglandinthe19thcentury.Heshowsusdifferentaspectsofthetimehelivedinandthecrueltyandhypocrisyofthecapitalsociety.GreatExpectationsisoneofhislaterworks,whereheusedthefirstpersontodescribePip’slifeexperiencesandpsychologicaldevelopment,revealedvividlyhisanticipationofbecomingagentlemanandtheprocessofmentalretrospectionafterdisillusionment.Pip’scharacterchangedgreatlyfrominnocencetosnobbishness,thenfromarrogancetosincerityduetotheinfluenceofthecircumstancefactors.ThispaperstudiesthecombinationofthecircumstancefactorsandPip’scharactersthroughthefollowingthreeaspects:thepeoplearoundhim,histerribleeducationalbackgroundandpoorfamilybackground.Byanalyzingthesecircumstancefactorsrespectively,wecanunderstandthisnovelbetter.Moreover,wecangetinspirationontheoutlookofvaluethroughPip’sdelusioninGreatExpectations.Keywords:CharlesDickens;GreatExpectations;circumstancefactors;educationalbackground;familybackground摘要：查尔斯·狄更斯是19世纪英国最著名的现实主义小说家之一，他的作品从不同侧面揭示了他所处的那个时代，揭示了资本主义的残忍和虚伪。《远大前程》是他晚期的作品之一。他用第一人称描述了皮普的生活经历和心理发展，生动地揭示了他想成为一名绅士的愿望和幻想破灭后的精神反思过程。受环境因素的影响，皮普的性格经历了从单纯到虚荣，从傲慢到善良成熟的巨大变化。本文从皮普周围的人、其教育环境和贫穷的家庭背景三个方面来研究环境因素对皮普性格的影响。通过对这些环境因素的逐个分析，我们能更好地理解这部小说。更重要的是，《远大前程》中皮普梦想的破灭给我们价值观带来的启示。关键词：查尔斯·狄更斯；《远大前程》；环境因素；教育背景；家庭背景21.Introduction1.1LifeandExperienceofCharlesDickensCharlesDickenswasthemostpopularEnglishnovelistoftheVictorianera.Withstrikingforceandtruthfulness,hepicturedbourgeoiscivilization,showingthemiseryofcommonpeople.Hewasthesonofanavyclerk.ThedefiningmomentofDickens'slifeoccurredwhenhewas12yearsold.Withhisfatherindebtors'prison,hewaswithdrawnfromschoolandforcedtoworkinafactory.Thisaffecteddeeplythesensitiveboy.Thoughhereturnedtoschoolat13,hisformaleducationendedat15.Asayoungman,heworkedasareporter,whichnotonlystrengthenedhiswillingnessandability,butalsogavehimachancetostudypoliticsandobservelife,sothathecouldunderstandthewholesocietyofEnglandinacomprehensiveway.In1834,hislifeworkofwritingbeganandwithoutrest.Attheageof24,hemarriedCatherine,whoisanewspaperpublisher’sdaughter,buttherearegreatdifferencesinpersonalityandinterestsbetweenthem,whichbroughtmisfortunetohiscreation,especiallytohislaterlife.Hisliterarycareercanbedividedintothreeperiods:thefirstperiodbeganfrom1836to1841whenhisnovelsarefullofyouthfuloptimism;thesecondperiod,whichbeganfrom1842,wasaperiodofexcitementandirritation;thethirdperiodwhichwasthelaterperiodofhisliterarycareerwhenhisworksshowintensifyingpessimism,andGreatExpectationsisjustoneofhismainnovelsinthisperiod.Inhisworks,Dickenssetsoutafullmapandalarge-scalecriticismofthenineteenthcenturyEngland,particularlyLondon.Heshowedsolicitudefortheworkingclasspeople,butwasalsoafraidofrevolution.Heisamasterofhumor,oftentellingtheworldthetrut