计算机文化2

ComputerConcepts2013Chapter2ComputerHardware2ChapterContentsSectionA:PersonalComputerBasicsSectionB:MicroprocessorsandMemorySectionC:StorageDevicesSectionD:InputandOutputDevicesSectionE:HardwareSecurityChapter2:ComputerHardware22FastPollTrue/FalseQuestionsAnswerAforTrueandBforFalse020100Anetbookisascaled-downversionofastandardnotebookcomputer.020200Smallbusinesscomputershavebettersoundandgraphicscapabilitiesthanhomeorgamecomputers.020300PCs,Macs,andLinuxarethreecomputerplatforms.020400Today’sMacscanbeconfiguredtorunWindows.020500Pentium,Core,ARM7,andAthlonaretypesofmicroprocessors.Chapter2:ComputerHardware332FastPollTrue/FalseQuestionsAnswerAforTrueandBforFalse020600Today’scomputerstypicallyprocess8bitsatatime.020700Serialprocessingiswhenaprocessorbeginsexecutingoneinstructionbeforeitcompletesthepreviousinstruction.020800InRAMmicroscopicelectronicpartscalledcapacitorsholdthebitsthatrepresentdata.020900ROMisatypeofmemorythatholdsthecomputer’sstartuproutine.Chapter2:ComputerHardware442FastPollTrue/FalseQuestionsAnswerAforTrueandBforFalse021000Harddiskdrives,opticaldrives,andsolidstatedrivesarerandomaccessdevices.021100CD-RWsallowyoutorecorddata,butdatacannotbechangedonceitisrecorded.0212001080pisameasureofresolution.021300Asurgestripallowsyoutouseyourdesktopcomputerduringapoweroutage.Chapter2:ComputerHardware552SectionA:PersonalComputerBasicsPersonalComputerSystems/个人计算机系统DesktopandPortableComputers/台式和便携式计算机Home,Game,andSmallBusinessSystems/家庭，游戏好小型商业系统BuyingaComputer/购买计算机HandheldComputers/手持式计算机Chapter2:ComputerHardware62Question022100Intheinterestofbeingecological,manyconsumersconsiderupgradingtheircomputersinsteadofdisposingofthemandbuyinganewone.Whichoneofthefollowingupgradesisbestlefttoprofessionaltechnicians?A.ReplacingthemicroprocessorwithanewermodelB.AddinganexternalharddriveforbackupC.SwappingoutagraphicscardforamorepowerfuloneD.AddingRAMChapter2:ComputerHardware72PersonalComputerSystemsChapter2:ComputerHardware82DesktopandPortableComputersThetermformfactor（物理性状规格）referstothesizeanddimensionsofacomponent,suchasasystemboardorsystemunitAdesktopcomputerfitsonadeskandrunsonpowerfromanelectricalwalloutletChapter2:ComputerHardwarecircuitry电路tether拴着92DesktopandPortableComputersAportablecomputerisasmall,lightweightpersonalcomputerAnotebookcomputer(alsoreferredtoasalaptop（便携式电脑）)isasmall,lightweightportablecomputerthatopenslikeaclamshell（蚌壳）torevealascreenandkeyboardAnetbook（上网本）isasmallversionofanotebookcomputerChapter2:ComputerHardware102DesktopandPortableComputersChapter2:ComputerHardware112Home,Game,andSmallBusinessSystemsToday,thetermhomecomputersystemencompasses（包含）avastarrayofcomputerconfigurationsdesignedtoaccommodateconsumerswhousecomputersforpersonaltasks/今天，这个术语家用计算机系统包括大量的计算机配置设计适合消费者使用个人电脑的任务Someofthemostcutting-edge(前沿的，划时代的)computersaredesignedforgamingComputersmarketedforsmallbusinessapplicationstendtobemiddle-of-the-linemodelspareddowntoessentials（为小型商业应用市场上的电脑倾向于做成是中间路线模型-瘦身到必要的要素）Chapter2:ComputerHardware122BuyingaComputerBrowsethroughcomputermagazinesandonlinecomputerstorestogetageneralideaoffeaturesandpricesDecideonabudgetandsticktoitMakealistofthewaysyouplantouseyourcomputerSelectaplatformDecideonaformfactorSelectperipherals,software,andaccessories/选择设备，软件，及配件Chapter2:ComputerHardware132BuyingaComputerChapter2:ComputerHardware142HandheldComputersHandheldcomputersaresmall,portabledevicesthatallowyoutoinstallapplicationsoftware,usuallyreferredtoasappsAnenhanced(增强的)mediaplayerisahandhelddevice,suchastheiPodTouch,designedforplayingmusicandvideos,andoffersacamera,accesstotheInternet,andavarietyofappsAsmartphone（智能手机）isanenhancedmobilephonethattypicallyalsofunctionsasaportablemediaplayerandhasthecapabilitytoaccesstheInternetAtabletcomputer（平板电脑）isahandheldcomputerthatisessentially（本质地）alargeversionofanenhancedmediaplayerChapter2:ComputerHardware152HandheldComputersChapter2:ComputerHardware162SectionB:MicroprocessorsandMemoryMicroprocessorBasics/微处理器基础Today’sMicroprocessors/今天的微处理器RandomAccessMemory/随机存取存储器Read-onlyMemory/只读存储器EEPROM（ElectricalErasableProgrammableReadOnlyMemory）/电可擦除可编程只读存储器Chapter2:ComputerHardware172Question022200Somecomputersaresuitablefore-mail,wordprocessing,andsimilarlow-keyoperations,whereasothercomputershavethepowertokeepupwhileyouplaycomplexactiongames,edithigh-resolutionvideos,andpreparemulti-tracksoundrecordings.Whichofthefollowingcomputersisthemostpowerful?A.IntelCore7quad-coreprocessor;48GBRAMB.AMDPhenomQuadcoreprocessor;4GBRAMC.IntelCore2Quadprocessor;2GBRAMD.ARM7processor;4GBRAMChapter2:ComputerHardware182MicroprocessorBasicsAmicroprocessorisanintegratedcircuitdesignedtoprocessinstructionsUsuallythemostexpensivecomponentofacomputerChapter2:ComputerHardware192MicroprocessorBasicsMicroprocessorclockMegahertz（兆赫兹）Gigahertz（千兆赫兹）MulticoreprocessorFrontsidebusCache（缓存）Level1cache(L1)Level2cache(L2)Level3cache(L3)Wordsize（字长）Chapter2:ComputerHardware202MicroprocessorBasicsCISC（ComplexInstructionSe