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GeoscienceWorldCongress2008•EarthSystemScienceAwiderangeofmultidisciplinaryfieldsofresearchaugmentclassicalEarthSciencetoday;geosphere-biospherecryosphere-atmosphereinteractionsareparticularlyimportant.The33rdIGCprogrammehighlightstheneedtopromoteinteractionandintegrationoftheEarthSciences.HencetheconceptofthisIGCastheGeoscienceWorldCongress2008.TheGeoscienceWorldCongress2008willspanthewholefieldofEarthScience,bindingtogetherclassicalgeologywithgeophysics,geochemistry,andthebiogeosciences.WewillaccommodatethevarietyoftopicsthataretheprimeconcernoftheIUGSCommissions,themanyotherscientificbodiesthattraditionallymeetatIGCsandthosecollaboratingintheUnitedNations’InternationalYearofPlanetEarth.Theconferencevenue:TheNorwayConventionCentre,LillestrømGeo-Energy•GeothermalEnergyGETForsummariesoftheGeothermalEnergysymposiaclickhereGET-01GeneralcontributionstogeothermalenergyIngvarBirgirFriðleifsson,EduardoR.Iglesias,AnetteK.MortensenGET-02Natureofgeothermalsystemsbasedongeophysical,geochemical,petrologicalandtectonicstudiesAgnesG.Reyes,GiovanniGianelliGET-03Water-rockinteractionHalldórÁrmannsson,HélènePauwels•GET-04Newdevelopmentsandtechnologies-Supercriticalfluids,HotDryRock/EnhancedGeothermalSystems,DrillingTechnologyLadislausRybach,GuðmundurÓmarFriðleifssonGET-05Geothermalutilization-directuse,electricalproduction,heatpumps,industryandleisureJohnW.Lund,LeifBjelm,GordonBloomquistGET-06EnvironmentalandsocialaspectsofgeothermalenergyKevinL.Brown,AgnesC.deJesusGET-07CorrosionandscalingDarrellL.Gallup•CoalGeoscienceGECForsummariesoftheCoalGeosciencesymposiaclickhereGEC-01GeneralcontributionstocoalgeoscienceAlvOrheim,RobertB.Finkelman,MalteJochmannGEC-02SedimentologyandcharacterizationofcoalMalteJochmann,SverreOlaJohnsenGEC-03UndergroundgasificationofcoalAlvOrheim,BjörnBergerGEC-04SolutionstoenvironmentalandhealthimpactsofcoalRobertB.Finkelman,JoseCenteno•PetroleumGeoscienceGEPForsummariesofthePetroleumGeosciencesymposiaclickhereGEP-01GeneralcontributionstopetroleumgeoscienceAnthonySpencer,PhilipAllen,SnorreOlaussenGEP-02MaximisingthevalueoffossilenergyandmineralresourcesUNEconomicCommissionforEuropePerBlystadGEP-03Geologicalbasisforestimatingtheworld'spetroleumresources:ChallengesanduncertaintiesPaulNadeau,DonaldL.GautierGEP-04HydrocarbonresourceassessmentmethodologyinacomplexarchitecturalcontextRichardSinding-Larsen,KarlJohannSkaar•GEP-05NorthSeapetroleumgeoscienceSigridBorthenToven,AndrewHurst,RagnarKnarudGEP-06NorthSeaChalkreservoirs.FromregionalunderstandingtoreservoirlevelGunnarV.Søiland,PeterFrykmanGEP-07PetroleumgeoscienceonthefrontiertomaturebasinsoftheAtlanticmarginsfromNorwaytoIreland-atributetoPeterZieglerKariLokna,DaveEllis,MarkSegerGEP-08Hydrocarbonpotentialoffrontiersedimentarybasins;thechallengesofunknowndeepwaterandhighlatitudebasinsDavidRoberts,A.G.Doré•GEP-09LinkingpetroleumsystemsandplaystosedimentarybasinevolutionHarryDoust,MaartenCorver,MortenRye-LarsenGEP-10GlobalcontrolsonsequencestratigraphyPeterSharland,KenMillerGEP-11Palaeogeographyandpalaeo-Earthsystemsmodelling:NewapproachestoreducingexplorationriskJimHarris,LesLeith,ArneRasmussenGEP-12Organic-richmarinesediments:Palaeoclimaticrecordsfromanoxicoceanslinkedtoprocess-basedmodellingofpetroleumsourcerocksThomasWagner,PhilipA.Meyers,UteMann•GEP-13Abioticdeeporiginofhydrocarbons:Mythorreality?YuriGalant,VladimirKutcherovGEP-14Serpentinizationandrelatedprocesses-theirrelevancetohydrocarbonexplorationMartinHovland,StanKeith,OdleivOlesen,MonteSwanGEP-15GeologyforefficienthydrocarbonrecoveryRagnarKnarud,MarieKjøllebergGEP-16ImprovedunderstandingoftheclasticreservoirsthroughtheuseofnewtechnologiesSisselH.Eriksen,TrondLien•GEP-17Unconventionalgas-coalbed,shale,andtightgas-sandsgasesRomeoFlores,RichPollastroInvitedspeaker:DavidMathewGEP-18Compactionprocesses-porosity,permeabilityandrockpropertiesevolutioninsedimentarybasins:AtributetoKnutBjørlykkePerAagaard,JenJahren,PaulH.Nadeau,PerArneBjørkumGEP-19CarbonatereservoirsandplaysToreAmundSvånå,JoannaGarlandGEP-20Outcropstudies:FundamentaltopetroleumreservoircharacterizationandmodelingErnestA.Mancini,JimBlankenship(AAPG)•GEP-21Integrationinpetroleumgeoscience-applications,knowledgeandinformationmanagement-thecornerstonesinthedemandforfastresultsPeterEilsøNielsen,LivK.MælandGEP-22EarthobservationtechnologyanditsuseintheoilindustryPierre-PhilippeMathieu,S.Coulson,B.Sæther,R.Sinding-Larsen,OlaGråbak(ESA)GEP-23Tarsand,heavyoil,andoilshaleresourcesoftheworldChrisJ.Schenk,RonaldC.Johnson第一节沉积有机质的成因第二节近现代沉积有机质的物质组成第三节沉积有机质的聚集第一章沉积有机质的形成与聚集一、沉积有机质的来源二、生物解剖结构与化学组成三、生物质向沉积有机质的转化第一节沉积有机质的成因（一）概述1、有机质的定义包括一切生物体及其分解或合成的各种产物。2、沉积有机质的分类按成岩状态沉积物中有机质沉积岩中有机质按聚集状态聚集有机质分散有机质一、沉积有机质的来源（二）自然界中有机碳的循环1、自然界中碳的分类类型形式数量（t）有机碳沉积体1.3×1016生物体(0.3~1.3)×1012无机碳（氧化碳）沉积岩中碳酸盐6×1016非沉积岩中碳酸盐1×1016海水中碳酸盐5×1013火成岩和变质岩（元素碳）1×1016溶解于海水中的碳1×1012大气二氧化碳中碳1×1012还原碳：有机碳，如生物质碳氧化碳：无机碳，如碳酸盐岩元素碳：如石墨，金刚石沉积有机碳（还原碳）类型形式数量（t）不溶有机碳粘土岩和页岩8.9×1015碳酸盐岩1.8×1015砂岩1.3×1015煤层(厚度0.6m)1.5×1013可溶有机碳储集岩中沥青2.8×1014储集岩中石油2.7×1014非储集岩中沥青5×1011非储集岩中石油1.1×10112、自然界中碳的循环年轻沉积物光合