位,避免增加腹压,预防感染,进行心理护理。结果腰椎术后合并发脑脊液漏在临床上比较常见,严密观察病情,及时治疗与精心护理,患者均可治愈。结论脑脊液漏是腰椎术后的并发症,如果处理不当,会发生严重后果的危险,应采取有效的治疗措施及针对性的护理,提高专科护理质量。脑脊液漏是腰椎手术后的较常见的并发症之一,治疗与护理都非常重要,如果治疗与护理不当,会发生严重后果的危险。本院2008年9月~2014年9月,我科进行了腰椎手术465例,术后出现脑脊液漏25例,由于治疗及时并进行严密病情观察与精心护理,无1例发生感染和脑脊髓膜炎等严重并发症。现将治疗与护理汇报如下:1资料与方法1.1一般资料25例脑脊液漏并发症患者中,男性18例,女性7例,平均年龄45岁,腰椎爆裂性骨折行减压、复位、内固定手术10例,腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎管狭窄手术11例,单纯腰椎间盘突出症手术4例。1.2方法脊柱术后一旦出现脑脊液漏,更换切口敷料和预防使用抗生素,延长术区引流时间和经皮蛛网膜下腔引流[1]。采用头低脚高位,避免增加腹压,预防感染,加强病情观察等。25例患者经过保守治疗而愈合,无1例发生切口感染、椎管内感染、脑脊髓膜炎等并发症。2护理2.1病情观察患者术毕返回病房时,应向麻醉师或术者了解患者术中情况,术后用心电监护仪监测生命体征直至平稳,注意患者有无头痛、头昏、腰痛、颈项强直等症状,严密观察切口敷料渗血、渗液情况,并做好记录。2.2做好基础护理①患者术毕返回病房时,医务人员将患者安置正确的体位,防止脊柱扭曲,正确固定好伤口引流管,引流袋不要高于腰部切口,详细交接术中的情况,查看手术记录,有针对性的进行观察和护理。②控制诱发因素,患者术后需要绝对卧床休息,所以术前必须练习床上解大小便,以适应术后卧床排便的需要,嘱患者进高蛋白、高热量、多维生素、易消化饮食,增强体抗力,保持大便通畅,勿用力排便。③患者术后长期卧床,保持床单元清洁、干燥、无碎屑,床上擦浴2次/d,保持皮肤清洁,病房通风换气,保持空气新鲜,同时注意保暖,防止受凉引起咳嗽、打喷嚏。术后患者禁止做腰背肌、腹肌锻炼,勿让患者坐起或站立,以免发生脑脊液漏出现或加重。2.3切口和引流液的观察和护理保持引流管固定、通畅,术后24h引流液持续增多,且引流液为清亮或淡红色,或切口纱布被浅红色或无色液体浸透者,或引流液出现分层,应确诊为脑脊液漏。正常引流液为暗红色血性液,一般引流液的量24h不超过300ml。2.4体位护理体位是治疗脑脊液漏的重要方法,一旦确诊为脑脊液漏出,及时改变原来的平卧位为去枕平卧位或俯卧位,采取头低足高位,抬高床尾10~30°,直至脑脊液漏愈合,在愈合前禁止患者下床活动[2],采取头低脚高位,抬高床尾可减低脊髓腔内脑脊液压力,增加颅腔脑脊液压力,而俯卧位较仰卧位更能促进引流量的减少及伤口闭合。其原因可能是俯卧位时,脑脊液由于重力作用而位于椎管腹侧,利于降低背侧漏口处脑脊液的压力,减少脑脊液外溢,同时由于俯卧位时脊髓漂浮于脑脊液之上而位于椎管背侧,可起到封堵漏口的作用[3]。2.5心理护理出现脑脊液漏后,患者精神高度紧张,不利于身体康复,医务人员要用通俗易懂的语言解释相关知识,向患者解释外漏脑脊液类似于血浆,身体每天可以产生脑脊液,对今后的劳动及生活无影响,经过医生及时治疗与精心护理,可治愈,列举同病室或同病区其他类似且康复病例,使患者积极配合治疗与护理。2.6避免增加腹压保持大便通畅,多食水果.蔬菜等粗纤维食物,勿食甜食以免引起腹胀,如果出现便秘,嘱咐患者勿用力大便,以免增加腹压,遵医嘱予缓泻剂,患者勿着凉,避免用力咳嗽或大声说笑,禁止坐起,禁止腰背肌功能锻炼。2.7预防感染保持切口敷料清洁干燥,发现敷料潮湿及时更换敷料,并严格执行无菌操作,同时观察局部有无隆起及波动感。遵医嘱使用抗生素,保持床单位清洁干燥,观察生命体征,特别是体温的变化,如果患者发热,警惕有无感染。3结论腰椎手术合并脑脊液漏患者,要引起高度重视,发现异常及时采取有效治疗措施,严密观察病情与精心护理尤为重要,治疗与护理得当,有利于患者早日康复,治疗与护理不当,可导致严重并发症,甚至危及生命。Andavoidincreasingabdominalpressure,preventinfection,psychologicalnursingcare.Resultspostoperativelumbarcerebrospinalfluidleakageinthemorecommonclinical,strictobservationcondition,timelytreatmentandcarefulnursing,allpatientscanbecured.Conclusioncerebrospinalfluidleakageislumbarspinalpostoperativecomplications,ifnothandledproperly,willbetheriskofseriousconsequences,effectivetreatmentmeasuresshouldbetakenandcorrespondingnursing,improvethequalityofnurse.Cerebrospinalfluidleakageisoneofthemorecommoncomplicationsafterlumbarspinesurgery,treatmentandnursingisveryimportant,ifimpropertreatmentandnursing,willbeatriskofseriousconsequences.InourhospitalinSeptember2008toSeptember2014,ourdepartmenthascarriedonthelumbarspinesurgeryin465cases,25casesofpostoperativecerebrospinalfluidleakage,becausethetreatmentinatimelymannerandcarryoncarefulobservationandelaboratecare,noonecaseofseriouscomplicationssuchasinfectionsandcerebrospinalmeningitis.Nowwillreporttreatmentandnursingisasfollows:1dataandmethods1.1generalinformationleakageofcerebrospinalfluidinpatientswithcomplications,18weremale,female7cases,withanaverageageof45,lumbarspineburstfractureline10cases,decompression,reductionandinternalfixationsurgerycombinedlumbardiscprolapselumbarstenosissurgeryin11cases,simplesurgery,4casesoflumbardiscprolapse.1.2methodoncethespinalpostoperativecerebrospinalfluidleakage,replacementofincisionaldressingandpreventiveuseofantibiotics,YanChangShuzonetimeandpercutaneousdrainagesubarachnoiddrainage[1].Headdown,adoptthehigh,avoidincreaseabdominalpressure,preventinfection,strengthentheobservationandsoon.25patientsafterconservativetreatmentandhealing,1caseofincisioninfection,spinalcanalcomplicationssuchasinfection,cerebrospinalmeningitis.2care2.1observepatientsconditionputward,returningtotheanesthesiologistorperformerunderstandpatientswho,aftertheheartelectricityguardianshipmetermonitoringvitalsignsuntilsmooth,payattentiontothepatientswithandwithoutheadache,dizziness,backpain,neckstiffnessandothersymptoms,strictobservationofincisiondressingbleeding,drainagecondition,andmakerecords.2.2neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandoagoodjobinbasicnursing(1)patientswhoreturntoroom,medicalstaffputpatientswithcorrectposition,preventingspinaltwist,properlyfixedwounddrainage(2)tocontroltheinducingfactors,patientswithpostoperativeneedabsolutebedrest,sopreoperativemustpracticebedoverurine,tomeettheneedofpostoperativebowelmovementsinbed,instructpatientsintohighprotein,highquantityofheat,vitamin,easytodigestfood,strengthenthebodyresistance,maintaindefecateunobstructed,donotforciblydefecate.(3)aftersurgeryinbedforalongtime,keepthesheetsclean,dry,nodebris,bedbath2times/d,maintainskincleanness,wardventilatedtakeabreath,keeptheairfresh,atthesametimepayattentiontokeepwarm,preventcatchcoldcatchcoldcausecough,sneeze.Postoperativepatientsnottodobackmuscleandabdominalmuscleexercise,donotletthepatientsituporstand,lestproducecerebrospinalfluidleakageorworsen.2.3incisionanddrainageoffluidobservationandnursingtokeepthetubefixed,unobstructed,24hafterdrainageofliquidcontinuestoincrease,anddrainageforliquidcrystalorreddish,orincisio