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Theoutfittingquay,some700metersinlength,iswellequippedwithabout3600kindsofvariousequipment.Whatismore,therestandsahugedrydockof160000tonnageinthemouthoftheYangtseRiver.Theshipyardisnotedforherhighcomprehensiveproductivityandfacileadaptability.船厂舾装码头长约700公尺，装备有大约3600种不同的精良设备。另外，该厂在位于长江口的崇明岛上还拥有16万吨级的巨大船坞。H.D.船厂以综合性的生产能力和灵活的适应性而著称于世.Tomeetthedevelopmentofshippingandtheneedofmodemmanagement,theshipyardisequippedwithgeneral-purposeelectroniccomputers,largeNCdrawinginstrumentsandimportedimagedisplaysystems.Computertechniqueshavebeenappliedanddevelopedeffectivelyinresearch,designandproduction.Nowinordertoenhanceitscompetitivenessintheworldshipbuildingmarket,anewroundoftechnicalupgradingisunderway.为了满足航运的发展和现代化生产管理的需要，该厂还配备了通用计算机、大型数控绘图仪和从国外进口的图像显示系统。计算机技术在全厂的科研、设计和生产领域中得到了有效地应用和发展。目前，为了增强其在国际造船市场上的竞争力,一座新的科技大厦正在建造过程中。Apartfromtheshipbuildinganddieselenginemakingsystems,thereexiststhenon-standardproductlineinthegroup.Armedwithdifferentsortsofbrand-newequipmentintroducedfromU.S.A,theemerginglinetakesovermiscellaneousproductiontasks.Tociteafew,itisinchargeofthemanufactureofsteelstructuresforeitherbridgesormansionsaswellasthemanufactureofsubwayshieldsandmetallicequipmentforsteelplantsinadditiontotheassemblyandtestingofautomobileautomaticproductionlines.除去船和机两个系统之外,集团还拥有非标产品线。正在崛起的非标产品线拥有各种崭新的从美国引进的设备,承接了各种各样的生产任务。举例来说，它担负着大桥或大厦的钢结构制造、地铁盾构和钢厂冶金设备的制造以及轿车自动生产线的安装和调试Toppeopleinthegroupoweallthistothesuccessfuldevelopmentofmanpowerresourceandtheybelieveinthattheessenceofthefiercecompetitionamongenterprisesisthecompetitionfortalent.Underthecareofthegroupheadquarters,theenterpriseMasterdegreesystemandpostdoctoralcentrehavebeensetupandthegroupisevolvingintoanenterpriseofteachingandlearning.集团决策层将所有这一切归功于人力资源的成功开发，并且坚信企业之间激烈竞争的实质是人才的竞争。在集团总部的关心下集团已经建立了硕士培训体系和博士后工作站;整个集团正在演变为学习型企业。Withhershipssailingacrossthefouroceansandherfriendsallovertheworld，HDwishesforgenuinecooperationanduniversalprogress.Emphasizingonmutualbenefitindealinginbothexportandimportbusiness,sheiskeenonlearningadvancedforeigntechniquestoensurehighqualityproductsandtopromoteforeigntradeaswellasinternationalcooperation.集团承建的船只航行于全世界四大洋;集团的朋友遍天下。集团渴求真诚的合作和普通的进步,强调互惠互利,既从事出口，也从事进口；她热切希望掌握国外先进的技术,以确保生产高质量的产品，以便一方面促进国际合作,另一方面推进外贸的发展。Inthislittlepassage,however,wewouldliketoconcentrateonthesea-keepingperformancesonly.Differentseakeepingperformancesofvesselshavemuchtodowithprincipaldimensionsandshipforms.Soitisquitenecessarytodiscusstheprincipaldimensionsandgeometricalcharacteristicsofhullattheverybeginning.但是,在本篇短文中，我们仅想集中讨论航海性能。船舶的不同的航海性能与主尺度和船型有着很大的关系。因此,很有必要在一开始就探讨船体的主尺度和几何特征。Coefficientsofshipformwillhelpyouhaveabetterunderstandingofthehullshapeunderwaterandthehullvariationalongshiplength,anddirectlyaffectseakeepingperformancesofvessels.Needlesstosay,achoiceofappropriatecoefficientshastobemadeinthelightofthepurpose,performance,speedandthelikeofdifferentships.船型系数主要有4个,即设计水线面系数、舯横剖面系数、排水量系数(也可称作方形系数)以及纵向棱形系数。船型系数有助于人们对水下的船体形状和沿着船长方向的船体变化有更加清楚的了解,而且会直接影响到船只的航海性能。不用说，我们必须按照船只的用途、性能和速度等因素，对船型系数作出恰当的选择。Itisabsolutelynecessaryforashiptobeequippedwithvariedshipequipmenttosatisfytheneedsofvoyage,harbour,operationandsafety.Shipequipmentvariesaccordingtodifferentpurposesofvessels,andusuallyconcernstheequipmentfortherudderandanchoraswellasforthelife-saving,cargo-liftingandmooring.船舶很有必要装备各种设备以满足航行、停泊、操作和安全的需要。船舶设备随船只的不同用途而变化;但是,总的说来它们应包括舵、锚、救生设备、起货设备、系泊设备等等。Vesselsinharbourwill,ifnotmoored,driftawayduetotheexternalforcesofwind,currentandwaveimpactandsoforth.Theanchorequipmentactstheroleofamooringunittostopavesselfromdriftingand,undercertainparticularconditions,itcanbeappliedtohandleavesselassomeauxiliarymeansaswell船只如果没有系泊，由于风、水流和波浪冲击等外力的影响就会飘移。锚设备就是防止船只飘移的系泊装置，它也可以作为某种辅助手段来操纵船只Intheeventseadamageoccurs,avesselwillbeinwantofvariouslife-savingmeansapartfromaradiomessageforrescue.90astosecurethelivesofpassengersandcrew.Amongthemarelifeboats,life-rafts,life-beltsandlife-jackets.船只也有万一发生海.损的情况;因此，除去呼叫救援的无线电报之外，船上也应该装备4种救生设备,以便确保乘客和船员的生命安全。救生设备有救生艇、救生筏、救生圈和救生衣。ThetechnicaltermoutfittingisrelevanttoawiderangeofknowledgeinthelightofthelatestclassificationintheshipbuildingcircleinJapan.Inadditiontoshipoutfitting,whichisdealtwithinShipEquipment,outfittingalsoconcernsengineoutfitting,electricityoutfittingandpainting.Fromthislessonon,weshallcometoleamtheengineoutfitting.依照日本造船界最新的分类，舾装这一术语覆盖了一系列的知识范畴。除去在“船舶设备”一节中业已讨论过的船舾外，舾装还包括机舾、电舾和涂装。从本课起，我们将讨论机舾。Itisknowntoallthatthepropulsionplantofashipisoftencomparedtoone’sheartandthehulltoone’sbody.Ingeneral,apropulsionplantwillappearinfourbasictypes,namely,marinedieselengine,gasturbineengine,steamengineandatomicpower,withmarinedieselenginesmostwidelyemployedonboardtheship.Therefore,emphasisistobeputuponmarinedieselengines.大家知道，船只的推进装置常被比喻为人的心脏，而船体则被比作人的躯体。推进装置一般有四种基本形式,即船柴油机、燃气轮机、蒸汽机和核动力。其中在船上使用得最广泛的是船用柴油机。因而,讨论的重点就落在船用柴油机上。Iftheaboveheatshouldnotbecarriedawayintime,thetemperatureofmechanicalequipmentwouldrise,thenormallubricantfilmwouldbedamagedaccordinglyandevenmoreseriousaccidentmighttakeplace.Astherearetwosidestoeveryquestion,thereexistsa