英汉翻译练习

English-ChineseTranslation英汉翻译2014~2015春季学期ByBelindaEnglish-ChineseTranslationByBelinda1ChapterOneI.BriefIntroductiontothecourse1.Aims:Thecourseisaimedatprovidingopportunitiesfornon-EnglishmajorsinHongheUniversitytolearnthebasicprinciplesandtechniquesofE-CandC-Etranslation.Theprincipleswillincludeknowledgeaboutthenatureoftranslation,thefunctionsandtheirsoflanguage,linguisticandcommunicationtheoriesintranslationandthecompetenceofatranslator.Inlearningthetechniquesoftranslation,thestudentswillmainlyworkontheanalysisofatext,wordmeaningsincontext,theprocessoftranslation,feasibilityofliteraltranslationandexpressioninidiomaticChineseandEnglish.Thecoursewillalsohelpthestudentstogaininsightintotranslationfromculturalandaestheticperspectivestoenhancetheircompetenceinthetwolanguages.Bytheendofthecourse,thestudentsareexpectedtobeabletotranslate,withreasonableaccuracy,faithfulnessandappropriateness,passagesoncommonsubjectsineverydaycommunication.2.TeachingProcedures:Theclasswillmainlybeconductedinlecturingandcommentingonstudents’exerciseandclassperformance.Discussion,questionsandanswerswillbeencouragedthroughoutthewholecourse.Homeworkassignmentswillplayanimportantpartinthecourse.3.Assessment:Assessmentwillbethroughclass-work,homework,classperformanceandformaltesting.Theaveragescorewillbecomposedof:ClassPerformance20%Mid-termExamination30%FinalExamination50%Attendanceisbothmonitoredandgraded.Studentswillabsenceexceedingthreetimeswillbereportedtothedepartmentandgradeswillnotbesubmittedtothesestudents.II.OnTranslation1.WhatisTranslation?翻译是用一种语言形式把另一种语言形式里的内容重新表现出来的语言实践活动。翻译是“按社会认知需要，在具有不同规则的符号系统之间传递信息的语言文化活动”。方梦之Itisrenderingthemeaningofatextintoanotherlanguageinthewaythattheauthorintendedthetext.PeterNewmark(1988,P5)Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaning,andsecondintermsofstyle.EugeneNida(1969,P12)1).Translationisascience.e.g.A.Weexpectedanolderspeakertotalkaboutthissubject.没想到讲这个课的人那么年轻。B.飞机着陆了。Theplanetoucheddown.English-ChineseTranslationByBelinda2C.船靠岸了。Theshiptouchedtheland.2).Translationisaskill.e.g.A.Sheisdressedtokill.她穿着很时髦/十分吸引人/迷死人了。B.Justiceisblind.真理/法律面前，人人平等。C.情人眼里出西施。Loveisblind.3).Translationisanart.e.g.A.TellmeandI’llforget;showmeandImayremember;butinvolvemeandI’llunderstand.a.告诉我的事情，我会忘记；给我看的东西，我可能会记住；但让我一起干，我就会掌握。b.耳闻不如目睹；目睹不如笃行。B.(Thereisasignbesidethepondofcrocodilesinapark.)Thelastoneisdelicious,bringmeanother.a.刚才吃的那个味道不错，再来一个。b.鳄鱼危险，请勿靠近。c.池边游览须谨慎，勿作鳄鱼口中餐。d.鳄鱼腹中饥，游客要当心。C.(AtitleinamagazineduringtheAthensOlympics)ChinaAimsatWorldDominationa.中国瞄准世界b.中国要称霸世界体坛c.中国体育志在雄踞天下D.WehavereadthemostterrifyingstoriesabouttheIndiansinAmerican.a.我们读了不少美国印第安人的恐怖故事。b.我们读了不少有关美国印第安人的悲惨遭遇。2.TheCompetenceofaTranslator.Atranslatorisbilingual,bicultural,specialinoneormoreareasofknowledge,acompetentwriter.Competenceinwritingcanbedescribedasconsistingofthreelevels:1).abilitytowritegoodletters,effectivenewsarticles,andpersonalaccounts;2).capacitytowritetechnicalessaysorarticlesinsomefieldofspecialization;3).creativecapacityforproducingproseandpoetry.EugeneNida(1993,PP134-136)3.PurposeofTranslation正确无误地利用语言这一工具来圆满地完成各类信息的交流，是国家乃至整个世界向着更高的文明发展，这就是翻译的目的。翻译作为一门课程，其目的就是在掌握汉语和英语这两种语言的基础上，结合不断的翻译实践，学习翻译中的各种技巧，提高翻译水平。English-ChineseTranslationByBelinda3ChapterTwoEnglishinEverydayLife你不舒服吗？你昨晚熬夜了？把被子叠好。我做了个可怕的梦。你一直没关灯啊。我还困着呢。我是个夜猫子。今天我们逃学吧。你毛衣穿反了。上下颠倒了。Principles(Criteria)ofTranslating1.PointofViewsGivenbyDifferentScholarsatHomeandAbroad:玄奘：真（faithful）&俗（readable）严复：信（faithfulness）、达（smoothness）、雅（elegance）鲁迅：信（faithfulness）&达（smoothness）傅雷：“传神”论钱钟书：“化境”说亚历山大·弗雷赛·泰特勒：1）译文应完全写出原作的思想（相当于“信”）；2）译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同（相当于“雅”）；3）译文应和原作同样流畅（相当于“达”）。尤金·奈达：读者反映论（Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaning,andsecondintermsofstyle.）2.Faithfulness,SmoothnessandElegance:1).Faithfulness.Thetranslationandtranslatorshouldbefaithfultoboththeoriginaltextandtheauthorintermsofmeaning,intentionorcontent.忠实----注意语境，对象Nocontext,notext.词不离句，句不离篇。MywifeDamnit!I’mabsolutelysorry.Ex.a.Nomancanhavetoomanyfriends.b.Iwouldfeelguiltytotakesuchanexpensivegift.c.Youareasightforsoreeyes.d.Whenshewastaken,hersonwasonly5yearsold.English-ChineseTranslationByBelinda4e.Ifellinlovewithheratfirstsight,butshewastaken.f.一到冬天，我的手就冻。g.有饭大家吃。2).Smoothness.Thecontentsoftheoriginaltextshouldbeadequatelyandintelligiblyexpressedinthetranslation,andforthispurposeequivalenceinformcansometimesbemodified.Thebesttranslationdoesn’tsoundlikeatranslation.NidaAblinddateHeisabigname.Youareveryclose.Yesterday,Class1andClass2hadaclosecontest.Ex.a.Heisafriendofmine,butheisadifficultone.b.Hehasalargefamilytosupport.c.Hecomesfromabigfamily.d.Ican’tbearthesightoftheman.e.Hewhowouldsearchforpearlsmustdivedeep.3).Elegance.Thetranslationshouldbeofthebestpossiblerhetoricalqualitysothatitcanreachasmuchoftheintendedaudienceaspossible.Nidasays,“Alllanguageshavethepotentialforoutstandingaestheticexpression.”Agoodtranslatoralwaystrie