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一、根据作品写作家。（20%）要求：必须写作家全名且不能写错，如CharlesDickens。二、单选题。（20%）全部在英国文学选择题和美国文学选择题上。三、名词解释（20%）transcendentalism,超越论，先验论naturalism,自然主义，本能行动，自然论romanticism,浪漫主义，浪漫精神sonnet,十四行诗，商籁诗renaissance,文艺复兴theByronicHero,拜伦式英雄lyricalballad,抒情歌谣thelostgeneration,迷惘的一代beatgeneration,垮了的一代localcolor,乡土特色，地域色彩criticalrealism批判现实主义，批判实在论四、诗歌评论与翻译（20%）TheRoadNotTaken五、小说评论（20%）TessoftheD’urbervilles.Twodaysago,IhavereadTessofthed’Urbervilles.Tessissomiserable.SheisreallyatragicfigureinthebookTESSofthed’Urberwilles.Shewasseducedbyaso-calledgentleman—Alec.Andfromthenonherlifetotallychanged.Peoplelookeddownonherandrespectedhernomore.Actuallyshedidnothingwrongbecausebeforeshewasseducedsheknewnothingofmen.Shewasjustagirlwhenshefirstmetthatterribleman.Shewasforcedbythegossipsandthechurchtoblameherselfforthisaccident.Inordertogetridofthepastshedecidedtogotoadistantdairyfarm.MaybeGoddidn’tagreewiththat,becauseAngelCharecameintoherlife.AngelisthemanTesslovedwithherwholeheartandlife.Aftertheirwedding,TesstoldeverythingtoAngel,hopinghewouldforgiveherashewasforgiven.Butshewaswrong.Shewasnotforgiven.Angellefther.Tragedydidn’tstop.Alecfoundheragain.Tesswasdeceivedagain.ShelostAngelforthesecondtime!Sheforgotthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.TheonlythinginhermindisherlovetoAngel.Shelostcontrol!ShekilledAlec!Iwassosadtoreadthetragicending.Iwantedtoaskwhytheendingisthat.Tess’swholecharacterwashonestandfaithful.Shewasalwayshurtbythosepeoplewhosaidtheyloveher.Shewassounsophisticatedthatshetrustedeveryoneelse.ShelovedAngelverymuch.AndshetrustedAngel.Soshewasonhermettletotellherhusbandherpast.Whydidn’tshegetAngel’sforgive?It’sunfair.Menarealwayseasytogetforgive.Womenarealwayseasytobehurt.InoldChinatherewasaculture,whichdidn’tthinkofwomenashumanbeings.Ifyouaskedoneifhewastheoldestinhisfamily,hewouldprobablyanswer“yes”evenifhehadsomeeldersisters.Ifyouaskedwhythenhewouldsay,“Ha,theyarenotincluded!”Peoplegavebirthtomanygirlsinordertohaveonlyoneboytokeepthefamilynamegoing.Theythoughtgirlshadnouseforthefamily.Nowadayswomen’ssituationshavebecomemuchbetter.Somearebecauseofthechangeofsocietyandsomearebecauseofcivilization.JustletthosepoorpainfulwomenlikeTESSbejustamemory.《德伯家的苔丝》是哈代著称于世的“威塞克斯系列”中的一部力作。小说描述了一位纯洁姑娘的不幸命运。主人公苔丝是一位美丽的农家少女，因受东家少爷诱迫而失身怀孕。从此，这一耻辱的事实剥夺了她接受真正爱情的权利，致使新婚之夜遭丈夫遗弃。后来，万般无奈之中，她重回了少爷的怀抱，不料，就在这时她那有名无实的丈夫拖着病驱千里归来，苦苦寻觅。苔丝为了自己真正的爱，毅然杀死同居的少爷，在与丈夫短暂欢聚后，走上了绞刑台。Tessisabeautiful,innocentpeasantgirl.ThepovertyofthefamilyforceshertoclaimkinshipwiththeshambutrichD'Urberivilles.Alec,theyoungmasteroftheD'Urbervilles,adandy,seducesTessandimpregnatesher.Tess,finallykillshimandshefleeswithAnglebutiscaughtbythepoliceandhanged.Tessisactuallyavictimofhersociety.HardycreatedtheheroineTessinTessoftheD'Urbervillesjusttocriticizethesocietyinhistime.Hardy'sworksareknownasnovelsofcharacterandenvironment.Tessisatragicpersonsimplybecausesheisnotacceptedbythesocietyinwhichagricultureismenacedbytheforcesofinvadingcapitalism.Soinaway,wesay,Tess'fateisdicidedbyhersociety.