1英语句子句子成分句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。1.主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(数词)Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)Whathesaidiscorrect.(主语从句)注意:找准句子的主语(英语的主语和汉语的主语有时不一样)2.谓语:在英语中,谓语只能够用动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:(1)简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.(2)复合谓语:①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.②由系动词加表语构成。如:Wearestudents.3.表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)Isityours?(代词)Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)Thespeechisexciting.(分词)Threetimessevenistwentyone?(数词)HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副词)4.宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词或介词后面。例如:Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.(名词)Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(数词)Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)2Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短语)Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.5.宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)Letthefreshairin.(副词)Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)6.定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下词性表示:Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名词)HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)7.状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短语)Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)Waitaminute.(名词)Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)简单句的五种基本句型英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的。1.S+V(主语+谓语动词)He(主)iswalking(谓)fastinthestreet.(状)2.S+V+O(主语+谓语动词+宾语)该句型所用动词都是及物动词.。名词、代词、不定式、动名词或短语及从句可作宾语。They(主)enjoy(谓)listeningtothemusic.(宾)3.S+V+P(主语+连系动词+表语)连系动词的后面必须接表语,说明主语的情况和状态。通常可作表语的是名词或形容词。HisEnglishremainsverypoor.34.S+V+InO+DO(主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)=主语+及物动词+直接宾语+to\for+间接宾语(1)宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,但某些动词,除直接宾语外,还要求一个间接宾语,以表示该动词所表示的动作所涉及的人或物,通常由名词或代词的宾格担任。She(主)gave(谓)me(宾,间接)aticketforthatfilm.(宾,直接)①后面加to的动词:give给,tell告诉,bring带来,send寄、送,hand交给,read读,pass递给,return把……还给……,lend借给,throw扔……给……,leave留给,promise许诺,答应refuse拒绝②后面加for的动词:get得到,make制造,做,buy买,do做,play演奏,order命令,sing唱歌,pay为……而付钱5.S+V+O+OC(主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语)有些及物动词,只接一个宾语不能表达完整的意思,还需要再加一个宾语的补语加以说明,使意思完整。这样的宾语和宾语补足语又称为复合宾语,可以由名词、形容词、不定式和分词来担任。Isaw(谓,及物)them(宾)perform(宾补)onthestage.必背:记住下面是一些常用的要求复合宾语的动词:name,call,make,find,think,leave。We’llmakehimmonitor.Ithinkitnecessarytogetupearly.简单句的五种基本句型口诀英语句子万万千,五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词,后接什么是关键;vt.又可分三类,单宾双宾最常见;还有宾语补足语,各种搭配记心间。句子种类句子按其结构可以分为以下三类1.简单句:只包含一个主谓结构(只有一个句子)句子叫简单句,例如:She(主)isreading(谓)anovel.2.并列句(CompoundSentences):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词(and,or,but,so,while,when,for)或分号来连接,例如:Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite.食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。3)复合句(ComplexSentences):包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如:Thefilmhadbegun(主句)whenwegottothecinema.(从句)特殊句型:Therebe…强调句型Exercises:1.Givemeonemoreminute____I’llbeabletofinishit.A.andB.orC.ifD.so2.Letuspass,____?A.shan’tweB.shallweC.won’tweD.willyou3.Isupposehe’sserious,____?A.doIB.don’tIC.isheD.isn’the4.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,____othersenjoyswimming.A.orB.forC.whileD.so5.—Doyoufeellikegoingout____wouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?4—I’dliketogoout.A.orB.andC.butD.so6.____downtheradio——thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn7.____itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave8.______,wehavetostudyhard.A.GoingtouniversityB.GotouniversityC.TogotouniversityD.Gonetouniversity9.Dressedinwhite,_______.A.wecanfindhermoreeasilyB.shelookslikeanurseC.thecoatlooksbeautifulD.andshelooksbeautiful10.Ihavetwosons,_______aredoctors.A.andbothofwhomB.bothofthemC.neitherofwhomD.bothofwhom11.Ifyouhaveajob,_______yourselftoitandfinallyyou’llsucceed.(四川·10)A.dodevoteB.don'tdevoteC.devotingD.notdevoting12.Insomeplaceswomenareexpectedtoearnmoney____menworkathomeandraisetheirchildren.(四川08)A.butB.whileC.becauseD.though13.Startoutrightaway,you’llmissthefirsttrain.(四川06)A.andB.butC.orD.while14.Tofindoutmoreaboutuniversitycourses,___