英语句子成分

句子主要成分：主语、谓语、宾语写作离不开句子，要写好英语的句子，首先要了解英语的句子由那些成分构成，能充当这些成分的各是什么词。句子的组成部分分为：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语，其中主语与谓语是主要成分，一般不可缺少；其它成分可根据具体的句子加以选择。本学时复习句子的主要成分：主语、谓语与宾语。一、主语句子的主体，表示句子所说的是谁或是什么。练习请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么（词、短语或句子）可以充当主语。1.TheboycomesfromAmerica.2.Heusuallygoestoschoolalone.3.LearningEnglishisveryimportant.4.Toteachhimalessonseemsquitenecessary.5.Thathewontheprizeexcitedeveryone.6.Itisimportantforustohaveourdreams.7.Itisobviousthathewaswrong.8.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk..归纳主语一般由名词、或者相当于名词的词、词语或从句充当（包括、还有）。另外，当句子的主语为、或时，主语部分太长，为使句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语。二、谓语说明主语的动作、状态或特征；由动词或动词词组充当；除了倒装等特殊情况外，谓语总是位于主语的后面，即主语+谓语。【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要一致。练习请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成：实义动词、连系动词+表语、情态动词+动词的原形还是助动词+动词的适当形式？1.Hisparentsareteachers.2.Thesunrisesintheeast.3.Wehavefinishedreadingthebook.4.Yououghttoworkharder.5.Ifeltcold.6.Hedoesn’tlikemusic.三、宾语表示动作的对象，一般由名词、宾格代词，或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当（包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句）。练习请找出下列句子的宾语并指出充当宾语的词（名词、宾格代词、名词化的形容词、不定式/动名词还是宾语从句？）1.Hehasnevermetherinperson.2.Shehandedhimabook.3.Helikestoplaybasketball.4.Weenjoylisteningtomusic.5.Shesaidthatshefeltsick.6.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.7.Ifinditimpossibletobelieveheranylonger.8.Weconsideritnogoodgettinguplate.9.Theybelieveditstrangethatheshouldhavedonethat.【注意】当句子的宾语为、、或时，常用形式宾语it，以保持句子的平衡。综合练习分析下列句子，请找出其中的主语（下划单横线）、谓语（下划双横线）和宾语（下划波浪线）。1.TheboycomesfromAmerica.2.Hefounditnousetryingtopersuadeher.3.Tobeateacherismydream.4.Doingaresearchisanecessarystepofcoveringastory.5.Manychangestookplaceinmyhometown.6.I’dliketoswimthisafternoon.7.Itisapitythathemissedthefilm.8.Hesupposeditimpropertoaskforleave.9.Sheunderstoodwhathesaidfinally.10.Hetoldmethatthelecturewasafailure.11.Theblindandthelamearewellcaredforinourcountry.12.Lookingupallthenewwordsinthedictionarytookhimalotoftime.句子次要成分:表语/定语/状语/补语一，表语系动词后面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型词类是形容词，此外，名词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词、从句也都可充当表语。系动词与表语共同构成谓语。来说明主语的状态、性质等。练习：请找出下列句子的表语并指出表语是由什么来充当的（名词、数词、形容词、介词、不定式、分词还是句子）。1.Mywalletisonthedesk.2,Thebookisn’tmine.3.Theleavesturnyellowinfall.4.Hehasbecomeapoliceofficer.5.Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstartatonce.6.Mysuggestionistoleaveatonce.7.Hisspeechwasboring.8.Thewholeclassgotexcitedatthegoodnews.二、定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词，起限定作用的；作定语的典型词类是形容词、形容词性物主代词和定语从句，此外，数词、名词、介词短语、分词也可作定语。定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但下列情况要位于所修饰的名词之后（1）形容词修饰不定代词时（2）短语或从句作定语时还有其它形式等。练习：请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么来充当的（形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句）。1.Thebeautifulsightattractsmanytouristseveryyear.2.Thewalletonthedeskismine.3.Thedemandingbosswasn’tsatisfiedwithmywork.4.Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.5.Heisoneofthestudentsthathavebeenlate.6.Theexcitedboysburstintocheers.7.Awomanpoliceofficerwaspraisedforhergoodwork.三、状语状语是用来修饰动词、形容词或者副词，表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义的。作状语的典型词类是副词和状语从句，此外，介词短语、不定式、分词等也可作状语。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。练习：请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么来充当的（形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句）。•1.Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyathome.•2.HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.•3.WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.•4.Feelingtired,hewenttobedwithoutsupper.•5.Helosthisjobduetohislackofpatience.•6.Broughtupinthecountry,hefindithardtoadjusthimselftocitylife.四。补足语补充说明主语的称为主语补足语；补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语。作补语的典型词类是形容词，此外，名词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等也可作补足语。练习：请找出下列句子的宾语补足语并指出它是由什么来充当的（形容词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词）。1.TheyelectedJohnmonitor.2.Hetreatedhismistakeasajoke.3.Weheardhersingingasong.4.Hetoldmetomakemyowndecision.5.Ithinkitwrongofhimtodeclinemyoffer.6.Hewatchedaninsectcaughtbyabird.【注意】如果把主动语态改成被动语态，宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。Hewasacknowledgedtobethebestplayer.(不定式作主语补足语)即时练习把句中的从句划出来并说明其在句子中充当的成分，把整个句子翻译成中文。1.Spaceandoceansarethenewworldswhichscientistsaretryingtoexplore.2.Thatiswhythecomputercanbemadetostoreinformation.3.Thepressurechangeseachtimethetemperatureisadjusted.4.Thedaywillcomewhenmancanmakebetteruseofthesun’senergy.5.Weconsideritnecessarythataplanshouldbemadebeforedoingawork.6.Westudyhardsothatwemaybebetterabletoservethepeople.7.Theyaretryingtodiscoverwhatcausedtheaccident.8.Itistruethatwehaven’tyetsucceededintheexperiment.句子主要成分---练习答案一．1，Theboy名词。2，He,代词3，LearningEnglish,动名词短语4，Toteachhimalesson,不定式短语5，Thathewontheprize,主语从句6，it形式主语，tohaveourdreams不定式短语作真正主语7，it形式主语，thathewaswrong主语从句作真正主语8，it形式主语，cryingoverspitmilk动名词短语作真正主语归纳主格代词；不定式、动名词、主语从句；不定式短语、主语从句二，1，areteachers,连系动词+表语2,rises,实义动词3,havefinished,助动词+动词的过去分词4,oughttowork,情态动词+动词的原形5,feltcold,连系动词+表语6,doesn’tlike,助动词+动词的原形三．1,her,宾格代词2,him,宾格代词作间接宾语，abook名词作直接宾语3,toplaybasketball,不定式短语4,listeningtomusic,动名词短语5,thatshefeltsick,宾语从句6,theinjured,名词化的形容词7,it,形式宾语tobelieveheranylonger不定式短语作真正宾语8,it,形式宾语gettinguplate动名词短语作真正宾语9,it,形式宾语thatheshouldhavedonethat宾语从句作真正宾语注意;不定式短语、动名词短语、宾语从句句子次要成分---练习答案一．1，onthedesk.介词短语2,mine名词性物主代词3,yellow形容词4,apoliceofficer名词5,thatweshouldstartatonce表语从句6,toleaveatonce不定式短语7,boring现在分词8,excited过去分词二．1,beautiful形容词;many数词2.onthedesk介词短语3,demanding现在分词;my形容词性代词4,beingrepaired现在分词短语;our形容词性代词5,one;数词thathavebeenlate定语从句6,excited过去分词7,woman名词;good形容词三．1，carefully副词,athome介词短语2,todosomeshopping;不定式作目的状语onSunday介词短语表时间3,WhenIgrowup时间状从4,Feelingtired现在分词短语表原因;withoutsupper介词短语表方式5,duetohislackofpatience介词短语表原因6,Broughtupinthecountry过去