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英语常用短语的用法与练习（3）11.asfor至于，关于；用法：asto和asfor表示“就……而论”“有关”或“至于”。但二者用法不尽相同。asto的功能类似于withregardto，regarding，onthematterof，concerning等，常用于相当正式的语境中，尤其用于争论和做出决定时。可放于句首或与wh-疑问词引导的动词不定式和名词性从句连用（有时可省略），而asfor无此种用法。例如：Astothejourney，wemustdecideaboutthatlater.至于旅行，我们必须以后再作决定。asto有时用于表示accordingto的含义。例如：Theysortedtheeggsastosizeandcolor.asfor和asto都可用于句首，引出一个与前一个话题稍微有些不同的话题，但asfor在语体上不如asto正式，并且着重话题的转换，也就是说，它所引导的是前面尚未提到过的新的事情，因此它不能用于文章的开头。另外，asfor有时表达轻蔑的语气。例如：Wehadadelightfulweekendinthecountry.Asforthetraffic，wehadnodifficulty.在乡下我们度过了一个愉快的周末。至于交通，我们没有遇到任何困难。例句：①Asforyou,yououghttobeashamedofyourself.至于你,你应该感到惭愧。②Youcanhaveabed；asforhim，he'llhavetosleeponthefloor.有一张床给你，至于他，就只能睡在地板上了。③Asforhim，Iknownothing.至于他，我一点也不了解。as短语：asto至于，关于；提到；就……而论(至于，说到)；配套练习：(1).完成句子：①Hewasuncertain_____(至于)whichroadtotake.②Wouldyoubesokind_____(至于)helpmetomovethestone?③______mypast,I’mnottellingyouanything.(2).单项填空①_____twoexamstoworryabout,Ihavetoworkreallyhardthisweekend.A.WithB.BesidesC.AsforD.Becauseof②OneofthepurposesofUnitedNationsistoachieveinternationalco-operationwithoutdistinctionastorace,____,languageorreligion.A.sexB.femaleC.maleD.skin③_____noneedforastodotheexperimentagain,itwasmotlongbeforeweleftthechemistrylab.A.TherehasB.TherewasC.TherebeingD.Itbeing④Wouldyoubesokindasto_____metenminutes?A.spendB.saveC.spareD.share12.payattentionto注意；用法：payattentionto后面可以直接加名词、代词或者动名词，但是值得我们注意的是，这里的to是一个介词，并不是能构成动词不定式的，这和lookforwardto是一样的。所以呢，这个词组后面要接动词的话，那麽就要在动词后加ing了。例句：①Youshouldpayattentiontoyourspelling.你要注意自己的拼写。②Wehadpaidattentiontohim.我们已经注意到他了。③Theypaidattentiontowatchingthescene.他们注意到了观察现场。attention短语：bringsth.toone’sattention使某事引起某人注意；call/drawone’sattentiontosth.使某人注意某事；draw/catch/attractone’sattention引起某人的注意；fix/focus/concentrateone’sattentiononsth.集中注意力于某事物；配套练习：(1).完成句子:①他的提议没有引起任何注意。Noattention______hisadvice.②他提醒我注意一些新的证据。He______somenewevidence.(2).单项填空:①EveryyearChina’sAutumnExportCommodities_____inGuangzhouattractsmuchattentionofmoreandmorebusinessmenormerchantsallovertheworld.A.FirmB.ShowC.FairD.Exhibition②Don’tworry.Yourchildisoldenoughtohimself.A.takecareofB.careforC.lookingafterD.payattentionto③---Atwhattimedidyou_______theoffice?---Oh,sorry.Ididn’tpayanyattentiontothetimewhenIcamein.A.returnB.returntoC.comebackD.goback④Thestruggleagainstsandstormwillnotend_____victoryunlesswepaymuchattentiontothebalanceofnature.A.atB.inC.forD.with⑤_____,Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.A.HoweverthatstoryisamusingB.NomatteramusingthestoryisC.HoweveramusingthestoryisD.Nomatterhowthestoryisamusing13.badlyoff穷的；处境差的；缺少的；例句：①Iamquitebadlyoffrecently.最近我经济上很拮据。②Hishealthisworseoffthanbefore.他的身体状况比以前更糟糕了。③Therefugeesarebadlyoffforblankets,andevenworseoffforfood.难民需要毯子,更需要食物。④Capitalismcanmakeyouwelloff.资本主义可以让你变得富裕。短语：bebadlyoffforsth.需要（某物）；（某物）供应不足；worseoff境况更差；更穷困；welloff富裕；处境好（比较级：betteroff境况更佳）；配套练习：单项填空：①Thoughhewas_____,helookeddownuponthosewhohadalotofmoney.A.welloffB.richC.badlyoffD.well–known②Weshouldn’tcomplainaboutbeingpoorbecausemanyfamiliesaremuch_____.A.betteroffB.badlyoffC.welloffD.worseoff③Wearen'ttoobadlyoffbutwecan'taffordahouselikethat.A.welloffB.badlyoffC.worseoffD.betteroff④Therefugeesarebadlyoffforblankets,andevenworseoffforfood.A.badlyoff;worseoffB.welloff;betteroffC.badlyoff;betteroffD.welloff;worseoff14.becauseof因为；由于becauseof是介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词及what从句。如：Shegothurtbecauseofwhatyou’dsaid.她因为你的话而受到伤害。辨析：（1）dueto/thanksto/owingto/asaresultofdueto意为“由于”常作表语，也作后置定语和状语。thanksto意为“多亏；由于”只作状语。owingto意为“由于”常作状语。asaresultof意为“由于”作状语。(2)because/as/since/forbecause表示直接原因，语气最强。回答why提出的问题只能用because。在强调句型中，也只能用because。as用于解释做某事的原因，语气较弱，通常位于主句前。since表示的原因是指人们已知的事实，常意为“既然”。语气比because弱，但比as强。通常位于主句前，并常与as换用。for并列连词，连接并列分句，表示一种补充说明，是推测或判断的理由，语气较弱，不可位于主句前。有时可表示直接原因，相当于because。配套练习：单项填空①Peoplecrowdedontheroadandcouldnotgoforward____thetrafficaccidentsomecarshadmade.A.withB.sinceC.becauseofD.because②Isaidnothingaboutit,_____hiswife’sbeingthere.A.becauseofB.becauseC.sinceD.as③Heknewshewascrying_____whathehadsaid.A.asB.becauseofC.becauseofD.since④Tom’sabsencewas_____therain.A.becauseofB.becauseC.duetoD.since15.beforelong不久以后；用法：beforelong是介词短语，意为“不久以后”“不久”，所在句中的谓语动词可用于各种时态。Itlooksasthoughitwillsonwbeforelong。看起来好像一会儿要下雪。longbefore是副词短语，表示“很久以前”，这个词组常与动词的过去时或过去完成时连用，后面跟从句时也可以用在现在时的句子中。Itwillbelongbeforewearrive。还要很久，我们才能到达。例句：Thedictionarywillbepublishedbeforelong.不久以后这本词典将被出版。②I’llbebackbeforelong.不久我就回来.③Beforelonghegotmarried.不久他就结婚了.短语：longbefore很久以前；longago很久以前；配套练习：(1).完成句子：①Thathappened_______(很久以前).②Ihaveseenthatfilm________(很久以前).③Hisplanseemedtobetoodifficult,but________(不久以后)itprovedtobepracticable.(2).单项填空①Don’tbesad,myfellow.Itwon’tbe_____wemeetagain.A.beforelongB.longafterC.afterlongD.longbefore②_____hebegantowritearticlesinEnglishforAmericannewspapers.A.ShortlyafterB.LongbeforeC.BeforelongD.Sooner③Hewillpasstwomilestones_____,thatis,hewillreceivehismaster’sdegreeandfindachallengingjob.A.longagoB.forlongC.beforelongD.longbefore④Theyseeyouassomethingofaworrier,_____problemswhichdon’texistandcrossingbridgeslon