ChapterEightTranslationofEnglishforScienceandTechnology《科技英语翻译》1)纯专业技术词汇(PureSTTerms)ThelacunabetweentheOldStoneAgeandtheNewStoneAgeoncesupposedtobearealhiatus,isbeingfilledbyaMiddleStoneAge.旧石器时代和新石器时代之间的空隙曾经被认为是个一个真正的间隔,现在被中石器时代所填补。3)半科技词汇(Semi-STTerms)Theoperationiscarriedoutunderageneralanaesthetic.该手术是在全身麻醉情况下实施的。Eachelementdefinestheconfigurationofanoperationintheservice.每个元素定义服务中一个操作的配置。ConcentrationThere'sbeentoomuchconcentrationofpowerinthehandsofcentralauthorities.权力一直过多地集中在中央机构手中。Electrodepotentialdependsontheconcentrationoftheions.电极电位决定于离子浓度。Thedeterminationoftraceconcentrationsofmercuryinmineralsisdescribed.文章论述矿物中痕量汞的测定。6)创新词语Researchersfoundtheheartemojiappearedbillionsoftimesadayacrosstheworld.研究者们发现全世界每天会出现几十亿个心形表情符号。Westartwithbasemoneyandthenwe'llhavewhat'scalledM-1,whichincludeschequeaccounts,demanddepositsofbanks...andthenM-2whichwillincludesomesavingsdeposits,sometimedeposits.首先是基本货币供应量,其次是所谓的M-1,货币供应量一,包括支票帐户、银行的活期存款等等。然后是货币供应量二,包括一些活期储蓄帐户和定期存款。1)大量的名词化结构(MoreNominalization)地球绕轴自转,引起昼夜变化。Therotationoftheearthonitsownaxiscausesthechangefromdaytonight.阿基米德最先发现固体排水的原理.Archimedesfirstdiscoveredtheprincipleofdisplacementofwaterbysolidbodies.(1)用这种方法测试机器会损失一些功率。Thetestingofmachinesbythismethodentailssomelossofpower.(2)在沸水中加入2%的碳酸钠(sodiumcarbonate)会增加杀菌效果。Theadditionof2percentsodiumcarbonatetoboilingwaterincreasesthebactericideeffect.(3)滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦会大幅减少摩擦力。Thesubstitutionofsomerollingfrictionforslidingfrictionresultsinaveryconsiderablereductioninfriction.工程设计质量管理探索及实践ExplorationandPracticeintheQualityManagementofEngineeringDesign低渗透气藏气井的生产规律研究AStudyoftheProductionRulesoftheGasWellsinLowPermeabilityGasReservoirs1.影响销售额的统计分析Statisticanalysisofinfluentialfactorsonsales2.对高校人力资源开发利用的几点思考Severalthoughtsondevelopingandusinghumanresourcesincollegesanduniversities3.语言和与语言相关的学科的相互交叉研究Aninteractingstudybetweenlanguageandlanguage-relateddisciplines4.质量管理和设计质量考核量化研究AQuantativeStudyontheDesignQualityManagementandAssessment5.学习困难学生的学习动机及教学策略心理学研究APsychologicalResearchonLearningMotivationandTeachingStrategiesforPoorStudents大量使用后置定语也是科技文章的特点之一。常见的结构:1)介词短语DocumentsfortheWorldWideWebarewritteninHTML.万维网的文档是用HTML(超文本标记语言)编写而成的。Theshapeoftheelectronspectruminbetadecayisnotdominatedbypropertiesofthematrixelement.β衰变的电子谱的形状不取决于矩阵元的性质。液体的压力与容器壁垂直。Pressureinaliquidisatrightanglestothewallsofcontainer.2)形容词及形容词短语Inthisfactorytheonlyfuelavailableiscoal.该厂唯一可用的燃料是煤。Enginerevolutionshouldnotexceedthemaximumpermissible.发动机转速不应超过所允许的最大数值。形容词后置定语英语中,少数形容词作定语时,须放在被修饰的词之后,可分为如下几种情况:1)一些前缀a-构成的形容词:2)以-able或-ible后缀结尾的形容词3)形容词修饰不定代词,该形容词要后置4)形容词与all,only,every等词或形容词最高级连用修饰名词时该公司已开发出了适合于这项技术的软件。Thecompanyhasdevelopedsoftwareadaptabletothistechnique.Inradiation,thermalenergyistransformedintoradiantenergy,similarinnaturetolight.热能在辐射时,转换成性质与光相似的辐射能。成长为整个生物体所需的全部信息都存在于一个细胞内。Alloftheinformationnecessarytobuildawholeorganismresideswithinasinglecell.没有足以克服阻力的力,静止的物体绝不会运动。Withoutforcessufficienttoovercometheresistance,bodiesatrestwillnevermove.翻译练习We’lldoeverythingpossibletoimprovethesupplyofelectricity.1.我们将尽一切努力来改善电力供应。Thegearteethshouldhavethestrengthsufficienttooperate.2.齿轮的齿必须具备足够的运转强度。Scientistshavefoundamethodofmeasurementsuitableforcoastalareas.3.科学家们已经找到了一种适合沿海地区的测量方法。分词后置定语1)当强调动作,表示“一时一事”时,分词放在名词后较多。2)名词前有only,very,thefirst,thelast等词或有形容词最高级时,分词放在名词后3)如果被修饰的词不定代词或指示代词those等时,分词要放在被修饰的词的后面。4)有时单个分词放在名词前或后,意义有很大的区别Weagreedtomeetatagiventimeandplace.我们同意在规定的时间和地点见面。Fillineachoftheblankswiththeproperformoftheverbgiven.用所给动词的适当形式填空。Adirectcurrent(DC)isacurrentflowingalwaysinthesamedirection.直流电是一种总是沿同一方向流动的电流。ThecarwillbeguidedbyadifferentialGPSsystemthatcorrectserrorsarisinginglobalpositioningsatellitesignals。这款汽车将由一个特异的GPS系统来导航,该系统能够纠正全球定位卫星信号出现的错误。一些对决定最终净收益数额会有影响的项目,则可能与企业的主要经营无关。Somebusinessitemsaffectingthedeterminationofafinalnetincomeamountmaynotrelatetotheprimaryoperatingactivityofthebusiness.翻译下列句子1.Theresultsobtainedmustbechecked.1.获得的结果必须加以校核。2.Theheatproducedisequaltotheelectricalenergywasted.2.产生的热量等于浪费了的电能。3.Accountingisaninformationsystemnecessitatedbythegreatcomplexityofmodernbusiness.3.会计是现代商业巨大复杂性所必须的信息系统。4.在价值链的任何一点上所作出的决策都会在以后的每一点上发生影响。4.Decisionmadeatanypointofthevaluechaincanhaveanimpactoneverysubsequentpoint.5.光所产生的颜色感觉完全是由产生光的波长所决定的。5.Thecolorsensationproducedbylightdependssimplyonthelengthofwaveproducingthelight.Anyclaimbythebuyersregardingthegoodsshippedshallbefiledwithin15daysafterarrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestinationspecifiedintherelativeBillofLadingandsupportedbyasurveyreportissuedbythenotaryauthorityapprovedbytheseller.买方对于装运货物的任何索赔,必须于货到提单规定的目的地15天内提出,并须提供经卖方同意的公证机构出具的检验报告。4)不定式短语后置定语Thebestwaytoachievethisisbyusingexistinginternetstandards.实现这一点的最佳方法就是使用现有的因特网语言标准。世界的热带地区在寻找新能源的竞赛中将会领先一步。Thetropicalpartsintheworldwouldhaveaheadstartintheracetofindnewenergysources.Numericalcontrolmachinesaremostusefulwhenquantitiesofproductstobeproducedarelowormedium.少量或中量地生产产品时,数控机是极为有用的。Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissionsistoreplaceconventionaldieselan