翻译的原则一、以主料为主、配料为辅的翻译原则1、菜肴的主料和配料主料(名称/形状)+with+配料如:白灵菇扣鸭掌MushroomswithDuckWebs2、菜肴的主料和配汁主料+with/in+汤汁(Sauce)如:冰梅凉瓜BitterMeloninPlumSauce二、以烹制方法为主、原料为辅的翻译原则1、菜肴的做法和主料做法(动词过去分词)+主料(名称/形状)如:火爆腰花SautéedPigKidney2、菜肴的做法、主料和配料做法(动词过去分词)+主料(名称/形状)+配料如:地瓜烧肉StewedDicedPorkandSweetPotatoes3、菜肴的做法、主料和汤汁做法(动词过去分词)+主料(名称/形状)+with/in+汤汁如:京酱肉丝SautéedShreddedPorkinSweetBeanSauce三、以形状、口感为主、原料为辅的翻译原则1、菜肴形状或口感以及主配料形状/口感+主料如:玉兔馒头Rabbit-ShapedMantou脆皮鸡CrispyChicken2、菜肴的做法、形状或口感、做法以及主配料做法(动词过去分词)+形状/口感+主料+配料如:小炒黑山羊SautéedSlicedLambwithPepperandParsley四、以人名、地名为主,原料为辅的翻译原则1、菜肴的创始人(发源地)和主料人名(地名)+主料如:麻婆豆腐MapoTofu(SautéedTofuinHotandSpicySauce)广东点心CantoneseDimSum2、介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)、主配料及做法做法(动词过去式)+主辅料++人名/地名+Style如:北京炒肝StewedLiver,BeijingStyle北京炸酱面NoodleswithSoyBeanPaste,BeijingStyle五、体现中国餐饮文化,使用汉语拼音命名或音译的翻译原则1、具有中国特色且被外国人接受的传统食品,本着推广汉语及中国餐饮文化的原则,使用汉语拼音。如:饺子Jiaozi包子Baozi馒头Mantou花卷Huajuan烧麦Shaomai2、具有中国特色且被外国人接受的,使用地方语言拼写或音译拼写的菜名,仍保留其拼写方式。如:豆腐Tofu宫保鸡丁KungPaoChicken杂碎ChopSuey馄饨Wonton3、中文菜肴名称无法体现其做法及主配料的,使用汉语拼音,并在后标注英文注释。如:佛跳墙Fotiaoqiang--SteamedAbalonewithShark’sFinandFishMawinBroth锅贴Guotie(Pan-FriedDumplings)窝头Wotou(SteamedCornBun)蒸饺SteamedJiaozi(SteamedDumplings)油条Youtiao(Deep-FriedDoughSticks)汤圆Tangyuan(GlutinousRiceBalls)咕噜肉Gulaorou(SweetandSourPork)粽子Zongzi(GlutinousRiceWrappedinBambooLeaves)元宵Yuanxiao(GlutinousRiceBallsforLanternFestival)驴打滚儿Lǘdagunr--GlutinousRiceRollsStuffedwithRedBeanPaste艾窝窝Aiwowo(SteamedRiceCakeswithSweetStuffing)豆汁儿Douzhir(FermentedBeanDrink)六、可数名词单复数使用原则菜单中的可数名词基本使用复数,但在整道菜中只有一件或太细碎无法数清的用单数。如:蔬菜面NoodleswithVegetables葱爆羊肉SautéedLambSliceswithScallion七、介词in和with在汤汁、配料中的用法1、如主料是浸在汤汁或配料中时,使用in连接。如:豉汁牛仔骨SteamedBeefRibsinBlackBeanSauce2、如汤汁或蘸料和主料是分开的,或是后浇在主菜上的,则用with连接。如:海鲜乌冬汤面JapaneseNoodleSoupwithSeafood八、酒类的译法原则进口酒类的英文名称仍使用其原英文译法,国产酒类以其注册的英文为准,如酒类本身没有英文名称的则使用其中文名称的汉语拼音。ChineseFoofColddishes凉拌金针菇GoldenMushroomwithVegetable凉拌西芹云耳CelerywithWhiteFungus卤水豆腐MarinatedTofu卤水鹅翼MarinatedGooseWings蜜汁叉烧Honey-StewedBBQPork泡菜什锦AssortedPickles酸甜泡菜SweetandSourPickledVegetables清蒸火腿鸡片SteamedSlicedChickenwithHam泡椒凤爪ChickenFeetwithPickledPeppers皮蛋豆腐TofuwithPreservedEggs五香牛肉SpicedBeef卤牛腩MarinatedBeefBrisketinSpicedSauce糖拌西红柿TomatoSliceswithSugar酱鸭翅DuckWingsinBrownSauce潮式凉瓜排骨SpareRibswithBitterMelon,ChaozhouStyleHotdishesPork白菜豆腐焖酥肉BraisedPorkCubeswithTofuandChineseCabbage鲍鱼红烧肉Red-CookedPorkwithAbalone鲍汁扣东坡肉BraisedDongpoPorkwithAbaloneSauce咕噜肉Gulaorou(SweetandSourPork)怪味猪手SpecialFlavoredPigFeet红烧狮子头StewedPorkBallinBrownSauce酱烧排骨BraisedSpareRibsinBrownSauce酱猪手BraisedPigFeetinBrownSauce毛家红烧肉BraisedPork,Mao’sFamilyStyle(OneofChairmanMao’sFavoriteDishes)南瓜香芋蒸排骨SteamedSpareRibswithPumpkinandTaro砂锅海带炖排骨StewedSpareRibsandKelpinCasserole碳烧菠萝骨BBQSpareRibswithPineapple碳烧排骨BBQSpareRibs糖醋排骨SweetandSourSpareRibs铁板咖喱酱烧骨SpareRibswithCurrySauceServedonaSizzlingIronPlate川式红烧肉BraisedPork,SichuanStyle蚂蚁上树SautéedVermicelliwithSpicyMincedPork青椒肉丝SautéedShreddedPorkwithGreenPepper扁豆肉丝SautéedShreddedPorkandGreenBeans冬笋炒肉丝SautéedShreddedPorkwithBambooShoots五花肉炖萝卜皮BraisedPorkBellywithTurnipPeel