英语语法1234

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简单句的五种基本句型主语+谓语(S+Vi)主语+谓语+宾语(S+Vt+O)主语+系动词+表(S+LV+predicative)主语+谓语+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语(S+Vt.+O+O.compl)There+be/stand/lie/live/seem...一个句子,先找主语(动词做主语,用动词ing,句子做主语,主语从句)再找谓语,时态,语态,主谓一致。主语谓语都米有,很可能为特殊句型和therebe句型。___________________________mademeveryhappy.被北大录取使我非常开心。(admit)____________________Shenzhou9spaceshipisamannedspaceflight.(doubt)_____________________isveryhappy.(go)上大学是非常开心的。BeingadmittedtoBeijinguniversityGoingtotheuniversityThereisnodoubtthat时态:时:现在过去将来态:一般进行完成完成进行过去将来一般现在时:do/doesis/am/are表示现存的一件事、客观情况一般过去时:didwas/were陈述过去的一件事一般将来时:willdo一般形式begoingtodo主观上按计划安排好的事betodo客观上按计划安排好的事beabouttodo立刻、马上要做的事bedoing现在进行时表将来do一般现在时表将来1.Iwillplaybasketballtomorrow.2.IamgoingtogotoAmericanextweek.3.TheQueenistovisitJapaninaweek’stime.4.Iwasabouttotakeoffmyschooluniformwhentheheadteachercamein.5.I’mcoming.6.“主将从现”after,until,before,once,when,evenif,incase,aslongas,assoonas,themoment,if,unless等时间状语从句或条件状语从句中Theplaneleavesat8:00.(按规定预计发生的事,go,come,leave,start,stay,return,begin等)现在进行时:bedoing表示现在正在进行的动作,表示现阶段经常发生的动作,常与always,continually,forever,constantly等连用。Heisalwaystellinglies.过去进行时:was/weredoing表示过去某个点时间/段时间正在发生的动作。Wewerediscussingthematterwhentheheadmasterentered.将来进行时:willbedoing表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作Wewillbeplayingbasketballat8:00tomorrowmorning.现在完成时:have/hasdone动作发生在过去,强调对现在造成的影响。常见标志词:yet,already,just,since,before,lately,recently,sofar,uptonow,manytimes,bynow,for(in)+过去的一段时间,(延续性动词)“已经,尚且”。(时态一致性,现在的时态)Thisisthefirst(second…)time+主语+现在完成时过去完成时:haddone(过去的过去)1.一个动作是过去式。2另一个动作在此之前发生。Thiswasthefirsttime+主语+过去完成时将来完成时:willhavedone表示在将来某一时刻已经完成的动作.Bythetimeoflastterm,wehadlearned6Englishbooks.Bynow,wehavelearned8Englishbooks.Bythetimeofnextterm,wewillhavelearned11Englishbooks.Bythetimehearriveshome,hissonwillhavegraduatedfromuniversity.现在完成进行时:have/hasbeendoing强调动作发生在过去,一直持续到现在并可能还要继续下去。“一直……”I’vebeenreadingthisbookfortwohours.比较:I’vereadthisbook.表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose,plan等,用过去完成时表示原本…,未能…。例如Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。过去将来时:woulddowas/weretodo过去的动作将来才发生。Hesaidhewouldmeetmeattheschoolgate.语态:主动还是被动dobedonedidwas/weredonehave/has/haddonehave/has/hadbeendonedoingbeingdone注意1:不及物动词、不及物动词词组没有被动。如appear,rise,happen,takeplace,belongto,consistof,fadeout等。注意2:主动表被动的情况:1.感官动词和系动词,如look,smell,feel,prove,sound,taste等。e.g.Theclothfeelsverysoft./Theideaprovestobetrue.2.某些表示物品内在物质的动词,可用主动表被动。如wash,write,sell,need,open,shut,keep等。e.g.Thispenwriteswell.这支笔很好写。3.want,need,require,take,worth等后可接v-ing表被动。(以物做主语时)e.g.Allthewindowsinthemeetingroomneedwashing.=needtobewashed注意3:使役动词have,make,let,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面接不带to的不定式,但变为被动时要加to.Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.=Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.Getsbtodosth(表结果)辨析:Someonesawastrangerwalkingintothebuilding.Astrangerwasseenwalkingintothebuilding.(表动作,表进行)主谓一致:一般情况下,名词复数做主语,谓语动词用复数;单数可数名词和不可数名词做主语,谓语动词用单数。注意1:agreat/goodamountof和alarge/greatquantityof修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数。largeamountsof和largequantitiesof修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用复数。Eg.Agreatquantityofwaterwaspolluted.Largequantitiesofwaterwerepolluted.注意2引导词、句子、-ing,todo做主语,谓语动词用单数。What引导的主语从句,谓语动词和后面的宾语(表语)保持一致。WhatIneediswater.WhatIneedarebooks.注意3就近一致:notonly…butalso…,not…but…,either…or…,neither…nor…,therebe…,or……e.g:NotonlyyoubutalsohelivesinShiyan.注意4就远一致:Aswellas,alongwith,togetherwith,ratherthan,except,besides,but,including,accompany.e.g:HeaswellashisparentsisgoingtogotoAmerica.注意5each,every修饰的名词,谓语动词用单数。Morethanone(超过一个,不止一个),manya(许多)等表示复数意义的词后接单数名词,谓语动词用单数。e.g.Manyastudentlikestheteacher.注意6family,class,team,committee等表示整体时用单数,表示个体或成员时用复数。非谓语动词四步走1:看关系2:完成的变化(强调动作的先后)判断标志:一是两个动作有明显的先后,二是有标志词for+一段时间,many/severaltimes等,或者汉语意思“已经”等。(非谓语动词发生在谓语动词之前)doing表主动,进行done表被动,完成todo表将来,目的havingdonehavingbeendonetohavedone3.被动的变化Thebuilding____________(正在建的)isourteachingbuilding.(build)4.否定的变化:否定词not等放在非谓语动词各种形式的最前面。____________(不知道)histelephonenumber,Ihavesomedifficultyinfindinghim.(know)beingdonedone(havingbeendone)tobedone(tohavebeendone)Notknowingbeingbuilt注意1:be+v-ed/adj+介词做非谓语把be直接去掉。beinterestedin,beworriedabout,becomparedwith,beseatedin,bedressedin,bedevotedto……________________(对你感兴趣),Iwanttomakefriendswithyou.(interest)E.G.暴露于阳光下,他得了皮肤癌。(beexposedto)Exposedtothesunlight,hegotskincancer.辨析:Beingexposedtothesunlightdoesharmtoourhealth.(暴露于阳光下对我们的健康有害)Interestedinyou注意2(同注意1)注意使动用法的动词,和逻辑主语构成被动关系,很多为表示人的情感的动词。excite(使兴奋),frighten(使害怕),disappoint(使失望),move(使感动),surprise(使吃惊),amaze(使惊异)……这类词的ing形式和ed形式都为形容词,ing修饰物(令人……的),ed修饰人(表示人……)E.g.Weareexcitedatthenews.(我们对这个消息很兴奋)Thenewsisexciting.(这个消息令人兴奋)注意3With的复合结构不看完成的变化With+名词With_____________(完成了工作),wewenttotheseasidetohavearest.(do)Withtheboy_______________(带路),wefoundhishouseeasily.(lead)动词(非谓语)表动作形容词,介词表状态theworkdoneleadingtheroadWiththelighton,welefttheclassroom.Welefttheclassroomwiththedooropen/closed.注意4做主语不看完成的变化Beinglaidoffmadehisfamilypoorer.下岗了使他的家庭更贫穷了。注意5不及物动词和词组没有被动,主动表被动Withthebook___________(出版),heearnedalotofmoney.(come)Theteam___________(由……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