SentenceStructure句型结构Butnotwoshowsaremoreprofoundlyoppositeincontent,whileatthesametimestandingoutabovetherest,thantheJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshows.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.Itcanalsopreventtheabsorptionofcarotenoids(类胡萝卜素),compoundsthatmayreducetheriskofcancer,heartdisease,etc.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.ItisunlikelythatoilpriceswillremainattheircurrentlowlevelorthatothernationswillacceptalargeandgrowingU.S.contributiontoglobalclimaticchange.Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.词性(词类)partofspeech•名词,代词,数词,形容词,动词,副词,冠词,介词,连词,感叹词•名词(代词)noun(n.)指代人,事物或概念capability,decoration,主要作1.主语;2.宾语;3.宾补还可作1.定语;2.主补;3.同位语动词•verb(v.)表示动作或状态succeed,enlarge,1.限定形式作谓语;2.非限定形式作除谓语以外的成分•形容词adjective(a.)表示人或事物的特征free,ancient1.放在名词前,修饰名词,作定语;2.作表语还可作1.宾补;2.主补•副词adverb(ad.)表示动作特征或形状特征可修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子作状语1.偶尔作表语;2.偶尔作宾补•介词preposition(prep.)永远不能单独使用;后面必须接名词构成介词短语,说明与别的词的关系介词短语作1.表语;2.定语;3.状语1.作宾补句型---按照英语中的动词的类型(五种,即:不及物动词、系动词、单宾动词、双宾动词和复合动词)可以把英语句型划分为五种基本的句型。一、1.主语+不及物动词(SV句型)=主谓结构:本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如:Thesunrises.Tomhasalreadyleft.•2.主语+系动词+主补(SVC句型)=主系表结构:本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成,主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份等。系动词有:•1.表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;•2.表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;•3.表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;eg:•OurEnglishteacheristhirtyyearsold.•Thecaketastesdelicious.•Thepotatoeswentbadinthefields.•Deepwaterstaysstill.•Hisadviceprovedsound.•3.主语+动词+宾语(SVO句型)=主谓宾结构:本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。•如:•1.Silencemeansconsent.2.Idon’tknowifhecancometomorrow.3.Theyhaven’tdecidedwheretogonext.4.ShestoppedteachingEnglishtwoyearsago.4.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO句型)=双宾语结构:此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)”组成。Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Theyawardedheraspecialscholarship.Carelessdrivingcosthimhislife.Theyforgavehimhiscrimes.•5.主语+复合动词+宾语+宾补(SVOC句型)•复合宾语结构:此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语补足语用来补充和说明宾语的性质和特点。•可以用做宾补的有:名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词等。•如:•Thesunkeepsuswarm.•Iheardhimsinging.•TheymadeTommonitor.•Factshaveprovedtheseworriesgroundless.•Mymotheraskedmetocleanmyroom.•Theteachermadeallstudentsfinishtheirhomeworkontime.•用it做形式宾语,即:主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。•如:Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.•除以上五种句型外,还有一种特殊的表示客观存在的therebe句型。•此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成,用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是全倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词be之后,there仅为引导词,并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词,而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等,但一般不用have。•如:Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.•Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.•每一个陈述句都有否定和疑问形式,注意各种时态的形式变化。•当表示命令或乞求时,不用陈述句形式,而用祁使句形式,即无主语,用动词原形开头。次要成分•除了以上必要成分,还有两种次要成分:定语和状语.•定语是修饰名词的,状语是修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的。•一个名词可以有多个定语从不同角度修饰它,一个动词也可以有多个状语。如:Thehospitalrunbymyfatherwasbigenoughtohold1000patientduringtheanti-Japanesewarperiod.句子的种类•在英语中,一个句号标志着一个句子的结束。英语的句号和汉语的句号作用不一样,汉语的句号表示一个意思表达完了,起意义辅助作用;英语表示一个句子结构完整了,起语法辅助作用。•英语的句子种类有三种:•简单句,只有一套主谓结构;只能是我们前面讲的五种句型或therebe句型中的一种。•并列句,由并列连词and,but,or,for等将两个或多个结构完整的简单句连接在一起形成的更高级更复杂的句子。•复合句,当一个句子的某个成分由一个句子充当时,这个句子就是复合句。•二.•1.并列句。并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列在一起构成,一般由并列连词、连接副词或逗号、分号、冒号等将各分句连接起来。•1.由分号连接。•eg.Let’sstartearly;wehavealongwaytogo.•2.由并列连词及词组连接-——and/but/or/so/however/still/therefore/yet/while/otherwise/for/both…and…/notonly…butalso…/aswellas/orelse/either…or…•/neither…nor…/not…but…等。•eg:I’dliketo,butIhavelotsofhomeworktodo.•Bothmyfatherandmotherareteachers.•It’sverygood,yetIdon’tlikeit.•Shewasverytired,neverthelessshekeptonworking.•2.复合句构成:由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句和从句都有完整的主谓结构,但主句是全局的主体,从句只是全句中的一个成分,不能独立存在。从句通常是用引导词来引导的,引导词起连接主句和从句的作用。•分类:名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句),形容词性从句(定语从句),副词性从句(状语从句)。主语从句---定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有三类:(1)从属连词that.如:Thattheywereintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.(2)从属连词whether.如:Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever;连接副词where,when,how,why.如:Whatshedidisnotyetknown.Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.•Whoevercomesiswelcome.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有:A.It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。如:Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.B.It+be+名词词组(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句。如:It’snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.C.It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。如:ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.D.It+seem,appear,happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如:ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.E.It+doesn’tmatter(makesnodifference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如:Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.2.注意连接代词whoever,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义。Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.Whateverhedidwasright.Whicheverofyoucomesinwillreceiveaprize.宾语从句:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。构成:关联词+简单句。引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:(1)从属连词tha