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按句子的结构可分三种：•简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。•e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.•TomandMikeareAmericanboys.•Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.•（划线部分为并列谓语，仍为简单句）•并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。•e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.•Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。并列句：•复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。而并列句的两个主谓结构是并列关系而不是从属关系）•Itiswrong.Whathesaidiswrong.•Theboyoverthereismybrother.(简单句)•Theboywhoiswearingahatismybrother.(复合句)•TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.复合句：•1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.•2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.•3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?•4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.•5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.•6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.•7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.•8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?•9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.•10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：•1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.•2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.•3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?•4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.•5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.•6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.•7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.•8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?•9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.•10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：句子成分•句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语（subject）和谓语（predicate）；次要成分有表语(predictive)、宾语(object)、定语(attributive)、状语(adverbial)、补足语(complement)和同位语()。用横线标出句子的主语，并说明用什么来充当。–Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.–WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.–One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.–Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.–Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.–Therichshouldhelpthepoor.–WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.–Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.练习2：改错•Doexerciseeverydayisgoodforyourhealth.•Thatwhathesaidisn’ttrue.•Hecamelatemadehisteacherangry.•Onthedeskistoomanybooks.谓语：•1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。•如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.•Heisfondofrunningeverymorning.•2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。•如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.•Hehascaughtabadcold.•Thistimenextweek,IwillbespendingourholidaysinMountainTai.•Ihavebeenwaitingforyouallthetime.•（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents./theflowersinthegardensmellsweet.谓语：•改错：•Ourschoolcampusverybeautifulandwelikeitverymuch.•Themealscookedinourschoolmoreexpensivethanthoseoutside.•Itrainingheavilylastnight.•Thistimetomorrow,Iwillflyingabovethepacific.表语•系动词be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem•划出下列句子的表语，并指出表语是什么成分。–OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.–Isityours?–Theweatherhasturnedcold.–Thespeechisexciting.–Threetimessevenistwentyone?–HisjobistoteachEnglish.–Hishobbyisplayingfootball.–Themachinemustbeoutoforder.–Timeisup.Theclassisover.–Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.宾语•宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面–Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.–Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.–Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.–Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.–Hepretendednottoseeme.–Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.–Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.宾语补足语•英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。•HisfathernamedhimDavid.•Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.•Letthefreshairin.•Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.•Wesawherenteringtheroom.•Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.•Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.主语补足语•找出下列句子的主补•Shewaselectedmonitor.•Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.•Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboy.简单句的五种基本结构•（五种基本句型）•1.主谓（SV）谓语动词为Vi或者Vi短语•2.主谓宾（SVO）谓语动词为Vt或者Vt短语•3.主谓间宾直宾（SVOO）谓语动词为Vt间宾一般指人放在前面直宾指物或事放在后面，此结构也可以把直宾放在前面把间宾放在后面，但中间要根据不同的V加介词to（表示方向）或者for（表示目的）•4.主谓宾宾补（SVOC）谓语动词必须是可接复合宾语的Vt•5.主系表（SLVP）一般表语为n或者adj基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）•不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构•1.Thesun│wasshining.太阳在照耀着。•2.Themoon│rose.月亮升起了。基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）•1.This│is│anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.这是本英汉辞典。•2.Thedinner│smells│good.午餐的气味很好。•3.He│fell│inlove.他堕入了情网。•4.Everything│looks│different.一切看来都不同了。•5.He│isgrowing│tallandstrong.他长得又高又壮•6.Thetrouble│is│thattheyareshortofmoney.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。•7.Ourwell│hasgone│dry.我们井干枯了。•8.Hisface│turned│red.他的脸红了。基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）•1.Who│knows│theanswer?谁知道答案？•2.She│smiled│herthanks.她微笑表示感谢。•3.He│hasrefused│tohelpthem.他拒绝帮他们。•4.He│enjoys│reading.他喜欢看书。•5.They│ate│whatwasleftover.他们吃了剩饭。•6.He│said│Goodmorning.他说：早上好！•7.I│want│tohaveacupoftea.我想喝杯茶。•8.He│admits│thathewasmistaken.他承认犯了错误。。基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ•1.She│ordered│herself│anewdress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。•2.She│cooked│herhusband│adeliciousmeal.她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。•3.He│brought│you│adictionary.他给你带来了一本字典。•5.I│showed│him│mypictures.我给他看我的照片•6.I│gave│mycar│awash.我洗了我的汽车。•7.I│told│him│thatthebuswaslate.我告诉他汽车晚点了。•8.He│showed│me│howtorunthemachine.他教我开机器。基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ•宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。•名词/代词宾格+名词•Thewarmadehimasoldier./战争使他成为一名战士.•名词/代词宾格+形容词•Newmethodsmakethejobeasy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.•名词/代词宾格+介词短语•Ioftenfindhimat