英语语法提纲

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英语16种时态一般时进行时完成时完成进行时现在一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时将来一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时过去将来一般过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时am/is/are/doesam/is/aredoinghasdonehas/havebeendoingwas/were/didwas/weredoinghaddonehadbeendoingshall/willdowillbedoingwillhavedonewillhavebeendoingshould/woulddoshould/wouldbedoingshould/wouldhavedoneshould/wouldhavebeendoing被动语态(be+过去分词)一般时进行时完成时完成进行时现在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehasbeendone过去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone将来shall/willbedonewillhavebeendone过去将来should/wouldbedoneshould/wouldhavebeendone形容词、副词比较级形容词副词原形比较级最高级单音节和少数多音节词-er-esttalltallertallest重读闭音节,词末只有一个辅音字母,双写-er-estbigbiggerbigger多数多音节词moremostbeautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful不规则变化littlelessleastbadworseworst形容词、副词比较级句型常用句型…as…as…notas/so…asThemore…themore……more…than…非谓语动词动词不定式(theInfinitive)分词:现在分词(thePresentParticiple);过去分词(thePastParticiple)动名词(theGerund)非谓语动词的句法作用一览表句子成分不定式动名词分词主语√√宾语直接宾语√√短语动词宾语√√宾语补语√√√介词宾语√√形容词宾语√√表语√√√定语√√√状语√√同位语√√插入语√√动词不定式主动语态被动语态一般式todo(tobuild)tobedone(tobebuilt)完成式tohavedone(tohavebuilt)tohavebeendone(tohavebeenbuild)进行式tobedoing(tobebuilding)/完成进行式tohavebeenbuilding/分词现在分词表示主动过去分词表示被动(规则动词由动词原形加-ed构成;不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的变化规则。)主动语态被动语态一般式doing(discussing)beingdone(beingdiscussed)动名词主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone一般式主动:Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。一般式被动:Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。完成式主动:Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.我们记得看过这部电影。完成式被动:HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。复合结构(物主代词/所有格+动名词):Hesuggestedourtryingitonceagain.他建议我们再试一次。定语从句由关系代词:who、whom、whose、which、whatwho,whom,whose指人,在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语whose也可指物,作定语that可指人、指物,在从句中可作主语、宾语which指物,在从句中可作主语、宾语介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时,只能用whom、which不能用who或that.关系副词:where、when、why,在从句中都作状语when指时间where指地点why指原因状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句条件状语从句名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句强调句一、强调句型Itis/was…that…Itis/was…who…二、在谓语动词前加do.does.did以表示“的确”、“一定”等Idoloveyou.三、加入onearth,intheworld,thehell,thedevil等词组,表示疑问和否定的强调。.Whatthehelldidshewant?倒装句全部倒装Herecomesthebus.部分倒装Howdidyoupassthetext?反意疑问句时态一致,前肯后否,前否后肯虚拟语气条件从句(If)主句与现在事实相反…did/were……would/should/could/mightdo…与过去事实相反…haddone……would/should/could/mighthavedone…与将来事实可能相反…did……shoulddo……weretodo……would/should/could/mightdo…直接引语变间接引语一、时态后推一步二、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词(this—that,here—there,ago—before,tomorrow—thenextday)三、句式疑问句变成陈述句四、疑问词一般疑问句用if特殊疑问词不变

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