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胡壮麟《语言学教程》术语表作者：宋联最近学习英语语言学才发现术语乃是影响读书速度的一个重要因素，所以我在读的过程中整理了一些术语，希望对学习英语语言学的人能够有所帮助。第一章phonology音系学grammar语法学morphology形态学syntax句法学lexicology词汇学generallinguistics普通语言学theoreticallinguistics理论语言学historicallinguistics历史语言学descriptivelinguistics描写语言学empiricallinguistics经验语言学dialectology方言学anthropology人类学stylistics文体学signifier能指signified所指morphs形素morphotactics语素结构学/形态配列学syntacticcategories句法范畴syntacticclasses句法类别序列sub-structure低层结构super-structure上层结构opensyllable开音节closedsyllable闭音节checkedsyllable成阻音节rank等级level层次ding-dongtheory/nativistictheory本能论sing-songtheory唱歌说yo-he-hotheory劳动喊声说pooh-poohtheory感叹说ta-tatheory模仿说animalcrytheory/bow-wowtheory模声说Pragueschool布拉格学派Bilateralopposition双边对立Mutilateralopposition多边对立Proportionalopposition部分对立Isolatedopposition孤立对立Privateopposition表缺对立Gradedopposition渐次对立Equipollentopposition均等对立Neutralizableopposition可中立对立Constantopposition恒定对立Systemic-functionalgrammar系统功能语法Meaningpotential意义潜势Conversationalimplicature会话含义Deictics指示词Presupposition预设Speechacts言语行为Discourseanalysis话语分析Contetualism语境论Phaticcommunion寒暄交谈Metalanguage原语言Appliedlinguistics应用语言学Nominalism唯名学派Psychosomatics身学第二章trachea/windpipe气管tip舌尖blade舌叶/舌面front舌前部center舌中部top舌顶back舌后部dorsum舌背root舌跟pharynx喉/咽腔laryngeals喉音laryngealization喉化音vocalcords声带vocaltract声腔initiator启动部分pulmonicairstreammechanism肺气流机制glottalicairstreammechanism喉气流机制velaricairstreammechanism腭气流机制Adam’sapple喉结Voicelesssound清音Voicelessconsonant请辅音Voicedsound浊音Voicedconsonant浊辅音Glottalstop喉塞音Breathstate呼吸状态Voicestate带音状态Whisperstate耳语状态Closedstate封闭状态Alveolarride齿龈隆骨Dorsum舌背Ejective呼气音Glottalisedstop喉塞音Impossive内爆破音Click/ingressive吸气音Segmentalphonology音段音系学Segmentalphonemes音段音位Suprasegmental超音段Non-segmental非音段Plurisegmental复音段Syntheticlanguage综合型语言Diacriticmark附加符号Broadtranscription宽式标音Narrowtranscription窄式标音Orthoepy正音法Orthography正字法Etymology词源Activearticulator积极发音器官Movablespeechorgan能动发音器官Passivearticulator消极发音器官Immovablespeechorgan不能动发音器官Lateral边音Approximant[j,w]无摩擦延续音Resonant共鸣音Centralapproximant中央无摩擦延续音Lateralapproximant边无摩擦延续音Unilateralconsonant单边辅音Bilateralconsonant双边辅音Non-lateral非边音Trill[r]颤音trilledconsonant颤辅音rolledconsonant滚辅音Labal-velar唇化软腭音Interdental齿间音Post-dental后齿音Apico-alveolar舌尖齿龈音Dorso-alveolar舌背齿龈音Palato-alveolar后齿龈音Palato-alveolar腭齿龈音Dorso-palatal舌背腭音Pre-palatal前腭音Post-palatal后腭音Velarization软腭音化Voicing浊音化Devoicing清音化Purevowel纯元音Diphthong二合元音Triphthong三合元音Diphthongization二合元音化Monophthongization单元音化Centringdiphthong央二合元音Closingdiphthong闭二合元音Narrowdiphthong窄二合元音Widediphthong宽二合元音Phoneticsimilarity语音相似性Freevariant自由变体Freevariation自由变异Contiguousassimilation临近同化Juxtapostionalassimilation邻接同化Regressiveassimilation逆同化Anticipatoryassimilation先行同化Progressiveassimilation顺同化Reciprocalassimilation互相同化Coalescentassimilation融合同化Partialassimilation部分同化Epenthesis插音Primarystress主重音Secondarystress次重音Weakstress弱重音Stressgroup重音群Sentencestress句子重音Contrastivestress对比重音Lexicalstress词汇重音Wordstress词重音Lexicaltone词汇声调Nucleartone核心声调Tonetics声调学Intonationcontour语调升降曲线Toneunits声调单位Intonology语调学Multilevelphonology多层次音系学Monosyllabicword多音节词Polysyllabicword单音节次Maximalonsetprinciple最大节首辅音原则第三章词汇liaison连音contractedform缩写形式frequencycount词频统计aunitofvocabulary词汇单位alexicalitem词条alexeme词位hierarchy层次性lexicogrammar词汇语法morpheme语素nonomorphemicwords单语素词polymorphemicwords多语素词relativeuninterruptibility相对连续性aminimumfreeform最小自由形式themaximumfreeform最大自由形式variablewords可变词invariablewords不变词paradigm聚合体grammaticalwords(functionwords)语法词/功能词lexicalwords(contentwords)词汇词/实义词closed-classwords封闭类词opened-classwords开放类词wordclass词类particles小品词pro-form代词形式pro-adjective(so)代形容词pro-verb(do/did)代副词pro-adverb(so)代动词pro-locative(there)代处所词/代方位词determiners限定词predeterminers前置限定词centraldeterminers中置限定词postdeterminers后置限定词ordinalnumber序数词cardinalnumber基数词morpheme词素morphology形态学freemorpheme自由词素boundmorpheme黏着词素root词根affix词缀stem词干rootmorpheme词根语素prefix前缀infix中缀suffix后缀boundrootmorpheme黏着词根词素inflectionalaffix屈折词缀derivationalaffix派生词缀inflectionalmorphemes屈折语素derivationalmorphemes派生语素word-formation构词compound复合词endocentriccompound向心复合词exocentriccompound离心复合词nominalendocentriccompound名词性向心复合词adjectiveendocentriccompound形容词性向心复合词verbalcompound动词性复合词syntheticcompound综合性复合词derivation派生词morpheme语素phoneme音位morphonology形态语音学morphophomemics形态音位学morphemicstructure语素结构phonologicalstructure音素结构monosyllabic单音节polysyllabic多音节phonologicalconditioned音位的限制morphologicalconditioned形态的限制coinage/invention新创词语blending混成法abbreviation缩写法acronym首字母缩写法back-formation逆序造次/逆构词法analogicalcreation类比构词法borrowing借词法loanword借词loanblend混合借词loanshift转移借词loantranslation翻译借词loss脱落addition添加metathesis换位assimilation同化contactassimilation接触性同化contiguousassimilation临近性同化theoryofleasteffort省力理论non-contiguousassimilation非临近性同化distantassimilation远距离同化morpho-syntacticchange形态-句法变化morphologicalchange形态变化syntacticalchange句法变化finiteelement有定成分semanticchange语义变化multisemous多种意义broadening词义扩大narrowing词义缩小meaningshift词义转移classshift词性变换folketymology俗词源orthographicchange拼写的变化conversion变换/变码domain范围/领域meaningshift意义转移splitinfinitives分裂不定式(Shewastoldtoregularlyclasse