英语词汇记忆法

英语词汇记忆法Chapter1•facetious•facetiousa轻浮的,开不正经玩笑的(facet表面+ious=做表面化=轻浮的)fac,fic=face,表示”脸,面”facen脸facetn平面,(东西的)一面(fac+et=像脸的一面=平面,表面)facetiousa轻浮的,开不正经玩笑的(facet表面+ious=做表面化=轻浮的)prefacen前言,序言(pre前面+face=前脸=前言)surfacen表面(sur在…上面+face==表在脸上面)defacev毁坏,诽谤(de弄坏+face=把脸面弄坏=毁坏)effacev擦掉,消除(ef出+face=把脸上的东西弄出去=擦掉)ineffaceablea不能消除的,抹不掉的(in不+efface抹掉+able)superficiala肤浅的,表面的(super在…上面+fic[=fac脸]+ial=在脸上面=肤浅的)•GRE词汇精选(红宝书)•ostentatious•adj卖弄的，自我夸耀的＝pretentious【记】os我死，ten10，tatious：我死了10次－吹牛的【根】osten表面，tatious：表面装饰的不错－卖弄的【参】ostensible（adj理由等表面的）【反】ostentation（n卖弄）－artlessness（n天真烂漫）/modesty（n谦逊）“•【根】tend,tens,tent＝tostretch（张开）•optimumn(生物成长)最适宜的条件或环境(optim+um表示场地,如:museum博物馆)optim=bext,表示”最好”optimsmn乐观主义(optim+ism=向最好方面想的主义=乐观主义)optimistica乐观的(optim+ist+ic)【根】opt＝towish（希望）•best,optimal,superlative,unsurpassed.detrimentn损害,不利(de坏+tri[=trit]+ment=磨坏了=损害)trit=rub,表示”磨擦”attritonn磨擦,消耗detrimentn损害,不利(de坏+tri[=trit]+ment=磨坏了=损害)tritea陈腐的(像被磨破了一样)contritea悔恨的(con共同+trite=身心全部磨擦=悔恨交加的)单词词源词典•detriment•[15]Etymologically,detrimentdenotesdamagecausedby‘wearingaway’.ThewordcomesviaOldFrenchfromLatindētrīmentum,aderivativeofdēterere‘wearaway’(whosepastparticipleisthesourceofEnglishdetritus[18]).Thiswasacompoundverbformedfromtheprefixdē-‘away’andterere‘rub’(fromwhichEnglishgetsattritionandtrite).Thegeneralizedmetaphoricalsense‘harm’hadalreadydevelopedinclassicalLatin.Link:ATTRITION,DETRITUS,TRITE•vicarious•adj代理的，替代的（代替他人忍受或工作的）【记】vicar（n代理主教：代替神父或主教的神职人员），ious：代理的vi微，car车，ious：微型的小汽车有代替大车的趋势－代替的【反】firsthand（adj直接的；第一手的）•单词词源词典•vicar•[13]Avicarisetymologicallya‘substitute’foror‘representative’ofsomeoneelse:thusthepopeisthevicarofGodonEarth,andthevicarofaparishwasoriginallysomeonewhostoodinfortheparsonorrector.ThewordcomesviaOldFrenchvicairefromLatinvicārius‘substitute,deputy’.Thiswasanounuseoftheadjectivevicārius‘substituting’(sourceofEnglishvicarious[17],whichmorecloselypreservesthemeaningofitsLatinoriginal).Andvicāriusinturnwasderivedfromvicis‘change,turn,office’,sourcealsoofEnglishvicissitude[16]andtheprefixvice-.•dexterous•dexterousa灵巧的,敏捷的(右手比左手灵巧)dexter=right,表示”右边”dexterousa灵巧的,敏捷的(右手比左手灵巧)dexterityn敏捷(dexter+ity)ambidextrousa非常灵活的(amdi两个+dextrous=两只手都和右手一样灵巧)dextrala右边的,用右手的(dextr+al)反义词:awkwardclumsyunskillful•scrupulous•adj.小心谨慎的,正直的（havingmoralintegrity;painstaking）【反】probity◆unscrupulousness正直的◆不正直的【同】upright,conscientious,painstaking,punctilious【例】workingwithscrupulouscare【记】[scruple]顾及+[lous]à很多顾及à小心谨慎的•单词词源词典•scruple•[16]Latinscrūpusmeant‘sharpstone’,andthenotionofsomethingtroublingthemindlikeapainfulstoneintheshoeledtoitsmetaphoricalusefor‘anxiety,doubt,particularlyoveramoralissue’.Bothmeaningswerecarriedoverintothediminutiveformscrūpulus,whichalsocametobeusedforaverysmallunitofweight.ThispassedintoEnglishviaFrenchscrupuleasscruple,onthewaylosingtheliteralsense‘smallstone’.gregariousa群居的,爱社交的(greg+arious爱…的=爱群体的)greg=group,表示”群体”gregariousa群居的,爱社交的(greg+arious爱…的=爱群体的)aggregatev合计,聚集(ag增加+greg+ate=增加团体=聚集)aggregationn聚集物(aggregate+ion)congregatev聚集(con共同+greg+ate=共同集会)disaggregatev分解,分离(dis分+aggregate聚合=聚合的东西分开=分解)egregiousa过分的,不寻常的(e出+greg+iuos=出了一般团体=过分的)segregatev分开,隔离(se分开+greg+ate=和群体分开)segregationn(种族)隔离(segregate+ion)discretion谨慎,小心cern,cert,cret=sure,separate,表示”搞清,区别”concern关系到discern辨别,区分(dis分开+cern=分开搞清=区别)discernmible能够分辨的discernment辨别能力centain肯定的(cert+ain=搞清楚的=肯定的)ascertain确定,发现certify证明,保证certificate证明书,执照(certify+icate=证明的东西)certitude确信,确实discrete分立的(dis分开+creet区别=分开区别=不同的)discretion谨慎,小心discreet慎重的,谨慎的secret秘密的(se分开+cret区别=分开来放=秘密的)同义词:circumspectiondelicacydiscernmentdiscreetnessfreewillprudence【类】apathetic:emotion＝imprudent:discretion冷漠的缺乏感情＝轻率的缺乏谨慎frivolous:gravity＝brash:discretion轻率的缺乏庄重＝草率的缺乏谨慎foolish:discretion＝impecunious:money愚蠢的没有判断力＝贫穷的没有钱overdose:prescription＝indiscretion:convention过量用药违背药方＝轻率之举违背规矩习俗•sensory•sensorya感觉的,知觉的(sens+ory)sens,sent=feel,表示”感觉”sensen感觉sensiblea能感觉的,明智的(sens+ible)sensibilityn敏感性,感情(sensible+ity)sensitivea敏感的(sens+itive)sensorya感觉的,知觉的(sens+ory)sentimentn感情(senti+ment=感觉=感情)sentimentala多感情的,感伤的(sentiment+al)nonsensen无意义的话(non无+sense感觉,意义=无意义)assentn赞成,附和(as一样+sent=感觉一样=赞成)consentv同意,答应(con共同+sent=共同感觉=同意)consentienta同意的,一致的dissentv持不同意见(dis分开+sent=感觉不合=意见不同)dissensionn意见不合,冲突(dis+sens+ion)consensusn一致意见(con共同+sens+us=感觉一致)presentimentn预感(pre预先+sentiment感觉)resentv怨恨(re反+sent=反感=怨恨)resentmentn愤怒,怨恨(resent+ment)Chapter2instigatev教唆,煽动(in进入+stig[=stinct]+ate=刺激[别人]内部=煽动)sting,stinct,stimul=priek表示”刺,刺激”stingv刺n.刺针stingya小气的(sting+y=像刺一样[小的心胸]=小气的distinguisha区别,辩出(dis分开+stingu[=sting]+ish=把刺分开=区别)distinguisheda著名的,卓越的(区别=与众不同=著名的)extinguishv熄灭(ex+stingu+ish=把刺拿出去=刺引申为火焰=灭火)distincta清楚的,明显的(dis分开+stinct=把刺分开=与众不同的=明显的)distinctivea有区别的(distinct+ive)distinctionn区别,优秀(distinct+ion)extincta灭绝的(ex+stinct,来自extinguish,熄灭=灭绝的)extinctionn灭绝instincta本能,本性(in内+stinct=内在的刺激=本能)stimulatev刺激,鼓励(stimul+ate=刺激)stimulationn刺激,鼓励instigatev教唆,煽动(in进入+stig[=stinct]+ate=刺激[别人]内部=煽动)•rudimentary•adj.根本的,未发展的•【根】rud＝raw（天然的;粗糙的）•【同】elementary,beginning,elemental,rudimental,primitive•resilie