第六章同步电机6.1答:,为40极的同步电机,该机应为凸极结构。6.5答:电枢磁动势对电枢的转速为n,转向为顺时针方向。对定子的相对转速为零。6.6答:抽出转子时定子电流大,因为转子被抽出后,电机主磁路磁阻大增加,即原来转子铁心部位全部变成了气隙,建立同样大的磁通所需的电流加大。6.9解:以为基准相量,,则(φN=arccos0.85)(1)或(2)(3)(4)6.10解:(1)该发电机在额定状态下的电动势相量图如图6.10所示。(2)20150506060nfpUN01*UN8.311IN71.4084.285.115.28.31118.201****0jjjIXUENtNkVkVUEEN05.511884.2*00kVkVUEENPP48.2931884.2*0071.40NMWPPNem300533.171.40sin1sin1NAANNNNUPI83.1718.03.631500cos3168.2183.171363003IUZNNB1168.212.21*ZXXBdd65.0168.217.13*ZXXBqq以为参考相量,据求角,进而求出ψ角。所以,求与值:求:电压调整率:(3)电磁功率PemN6.11答:正常运行时,电机磁路处于饱和状态,所以Xd为饱和值。而短路时,由于电机内的去磁作用,使电机的磁路处于不饱和状态,故应采用不饱和值。UNIXUENqNQj*N51.20484.152.039.187.36165.001jjEQ51.20N38.5787.3851.20NNIIqd842.038.57sin1sinIId539.038.57cos1cosIIqEN*0779.11842.051.20cos1****0XIUEddqNU%9.77%1000.10.1779.1%100***0UUENNNU8.051.202sin1165.01251.20sin11779.12sin112sin12**2****0*NdqNNdNNemNXXUXUEPkWkWSPPNemNemN15008.015008.0*6.12答:当转速降为0.95nN时,对空载特性而言,同一励磁电流下所建立的空载电动势降低,故空载特性曲线下降;而对短路特性而言,由于空载电动势和同步电抗同时降低,使得同一励磁电流下的短路电流基本不变。故短路特性不变化。6.13答:因为同步发电机带感性负载时,将产生去磁性质的电枢反应,而且负载电流越大,电枢反应去磁作用越强,发电机端电压越低,再加之漏阻抗压降的影响,也使端电压下降,故外特性曲线是下降的。6.15解:输出80kW,cosφ=1时的:所以,所以,输出无功功率Q:6.16解:(1)励磁电动势及功角求同步发电机定子电流标么值:)(47.11514.0380cos3APIUNEN96.304.26956.138231047.1152.102310jjIjXUEtNVE4.269096.30sin2.12314.269310203129.0sin692.02.46cosAI75.41)var(882.202.46sin75.412313sin感性kImUQAANNNNUPI8.26148.0108.1331050cos336求虚构电动势(参阅图6.11):求直轴电流:所以(2)保持有功功率输出不变,求失磁时的δ角,发电机能否稳定运行?图6.11题6.16图AAPIUN4.4180.1108.1331010cos33616.0*IIIN4.601.1112.01016.07.001****jjjIXUEqQ0178.04.6sin16.0sinsin***IIId014.115.10178.04.6cos1cos****0XIUEdd4.6δE0IXddjEQIjXqIXqqjIqIdIU所以,能稳定运行。6.17答:见教材图6.6.1,从发电机过渡到电动机运行,功角δ由正变负(由超前变为滞后),定子电流方向改变,电磁转矩由驱动性质变为制动性质。6.18解:故障前后输出的有功功率不变,则:6.19解:(1)取电压相量为基准,即:发电机输出的功率:视在功率:有功功率:无功功率2sin112**2**XXUPdqem16.08.01050101066*SPNemP2sin15.117.01216.01246.17572.02sinE0UUsinsin***02***01*XUEXUEPtNtNem25sin6.020sin1**02**01XEXEtt)349.125sin6.020sin*01*02倍(EE01*UN54.072.08.0arccos9.0*jI54.072.054.072.01****jjjQPIUSN72.0*P54.0*Q空载电动势:所以:功角:(2)以为基准相量额定时功率和电流:额定功率增至额定情况下110%时:功角:所以增加有功功率后,为:由电动势方程得:增加有功功率后的功率或电流:即无功功率:若增加有功功率而保持无功功率不变,则定子电流:1.2570.172.054.10.154.072.01****0jjjjXIUEtN70.1*0E1.25UN*6.08.0sincos****jjjIIQPNNNN01*UN88.01.18.0*P518.07.110.188.0sin*0***EUXPNt2.31E*088.045.12.31sin2.31cos7.1sincos*0*0jjjEE88.045.0188.045.1**0**0jjUEXIjtt45.088.0~jIUSN45.0Q54.088.0jI空载电动势:即,。额定运行时功率为:供90%额定电流时功率为:(3)无功功率增加10%:定子电流:空载电动势:功角:6.19解:(1)额定电流额定功率因数:7.2977.154.088.01**0jjjXIUEt7.2977.10E6.08.0jjQPNN54.072.0jjQP66.06.01.1Q66.072.0jI4.2381.1166.072.01**0jjjXIUEt4.23AAUSINNN3.17185.10331250387.368.0arccosN额定相电压:空载相电动势:功角:电磁功率:比整步功率:过载能力:(2)电磁功率:功角:VVUUN01786062031050003.93.3593.16398787.363.1718178.6062*0jjUXIEtN93.35kWkWNNemSP250008.031250cosradMWUmNtsynXEP/5.3493.35cos7178.606293.163983cos0704.193.35sin1sin1tMKkWkWPPemem12500102500021213sin7178.606293.163983sin0XEPtemUm06.17比整步功率:无功功率:功率因数:(3)电磁功率:功角:无功功率:radMWradMWUmXEPtsyn/8.40/06.17cos7178.606293.163983cos0var9.24980var7178.6062306.17cos7178.606293.163983cos220kkXUmXUEmttQ45.0125009.24980arctancosarctancoscosPemQkWPPemem10250003sin7178.606293.1639831.1sin1.10XEPtemUm2.32var9.23907var7178.606232.32cos7178.606293.1639831.1cos1.1220kkXUmXUEmttQ功率因数:定子电流:6.20解:电动机的输入功率:母线上总有功功率:同步电动机补偿有无功功率:解上式得:同步电动机的功率因数:72.0250009.23907arctancosarctancoscosPemQAAUPIem2.190972.0178.606231025000cos33kWkWP8009.07201kWkWP2800800200022cosQQcPPvar67.26661.53tan2000tankPQ2267.2666280028008.0Qcvar67.566kQc超前816.067.566800800cos22同步电动机的定子电流:6.22解:(1)换机前,水泵站需从电网吸收的视在功率和功率因数:(2)换机后,水泵站从电网吸收的视在功率和功率因数:两台异步电动机:两台同步电动机:两台异步电动机:AAUPIN3.94816.063800cos31AkVAkVNNPS5.118575.09.02004cos475.0coskWPPN44.44421AkVAkVPS6.59275.044.444cos11var97.391var661.06.592sin111kkSQkWPPN44.44422AkVAkVPS56.5558.044.444cos222var33.333var6.056.555sin222kkSQ两台同步电动机:视在功率:功率因数:(3)不更换电动机,装设一台同步调相机,将功率因数提高到0.9(滞后),调相机的容量为:kWPPN44.44421AkVAkVPS6.59275.044.444cos11kWPPN44.44422AkVAkVPS56.5558.044.444cos222var33.333var6.056.555sin222kkSQkWkWPPP88.88844.44444.44421var64.58var33.33397.39121kkQQQAkVAkVQPS81.89064.5888.8882222988.081.89088.888cosSPNAkVAkVPS5.118575.089.888cos111解得:var9.783var661.05.1185sin111kkSQ2211cosQQcPPvar8.353kQc