山区高速公路快速施工放样的探讨杨云鸿中国水利水电第十四工程局摘要:近年来,由于我国公路事业的迅猛发展,对施工放样提出了较以往更高更快的要求,特别是云贵高原地区公路施工放样中,由于测站距施工线路较远,按以往常规放样比较困难,本文利用全站仪配合fx-4800P计算器编程对任意控制点快速放出各种线型的中边桩位置,并把任意点的统一坐标快速转化为施工坐标。关键词:放样统一坐标施工坐标探讨0前言在当今公路施工中,特别是云贵高原地区公路和电站公路施工,不同于北方平原地区的公路施工。它有以下几个特点:①山区地形地貌错综复杂,山峦起伏、沟壑纵横、切割剧烈、坡陡谷窄。受高等级公路技术指标的限制,多数是高路堤、深路堑;②山区地质构造复杂,褶曲构造和断裂构造的存在,使岩体破碎、滑坡、岩堆等不良地质现象普遍存在;③控制点往往远离施工道路附近,甚至在大河或大峡谷的对岸,人员往来异常艰难。有以上原因,加之如今全站仪与fx-4800P计算器比较普及的情况下,提出用任意控制点或导线点测设线路的放样实用程序。1线路任意里程处的中桩和边桩计算(如下图)1.1根据交点坐标和起算方位角F、切线长T和偏角A计算出ZH、HZ坐标XZH=XJD+Tcos(F-180)YZH=YJD+Tsin(F-180)XHZ=XJD+Tcos(F-A)YHZ=YJD+Tsin(F-A)1.2第一缓和曲线计算建立缓和曲线L以直缓点ZH为原点,过ZH的缓和曲线切线为X轴,ZH点上缓和曲线的半径为Y轴的直角坐标,则得以曲线长G为参数Pi点的缓和曲线方程(为叙述方便,令Z=180÷(πR),B=ZL÷2)Xi=G-G5÷(40R2L2)+G9÷(3456R4L4)Yi=G3÷(6RL)-G7÷(336R3L3)+G11÷(42240R5L5)Pi点到ZH点的距离D=√(Xi2+Yi2)ZH点到Pi点的方位角C=F±tg-1(Xi÷Yi)=C=F±ZG2÷(6L)过Pi点的切线方位角H=F±BG2÷L21.3圆曲线计算根据圆曲线公式得:Xi=Rsinαi+m=Xi=Rsin(B+ZG)+0.5L-L3÷(240R2)Yi=R(1-cosαi)+P=Yi=R(1-cos(B+ZG))+L2+(24R)Pi点到ZH点的距离D=√(Xi2+Yi2)ZH点到Pi点的方位角C=F±tg-1(Xi÷Yi)过Pi点的切线方位角H=F±(B+ZG)1.4第二缓和曲线计算Xi=(T-G+G5÷(40R2L2)-G9÷(3456R4L4))sinA+(G3÷(6RL)-G7÷(336R3L3)+G11÷(42240R5L5))cosAYi=T+(T-G+G5÷(40R2L2)-G9÷(3456R4L4))cosA-(G3÷(6RL)-G7÷(336R3L3)+G11÷(42240R5L5))sinAPi点到ZH点的距离D=√(Xi2+Yi2)ZH点到Pi点的方位角C=F±tg-1(Xi÷Yi)过Pi点的切线方位角H=F±(A-BG2÷L2)1.5根据ZH到Pi点的方位角和距离计算中边桩坐标⑴中桩坐标计算X=XZH+DcosCY=YZH+DsinC⑵根据中桩到左边距离S和右边距离N及切点方位角计算边桩坐标①左边坐标XZB=X+Scos(H-90)YZB=Y+Ssin(H-90)②右边坐标XYB=X+Ncos(H+90)YYB=Y+Nsin(H+90)1.6根据中桩坐标和过Pi点的切线方位角把Pi点的统一坐标转化为施工坐标X=(S-X)cosH+(N-Y)sinH+M※Y=(N-Y)cosH-(S-X)sinH※注:M为待测点桩号2fx-4800P计算器编程2.1程序Defm13:K“JDK”:R:L:A:F“FWJ”:P“Y+1,Z-1”:U“ZHX”:V“ZHY”:Q“HZX”:W“HZY”:Z=180÷(πR):Z[8]=0.5L-L^3÷(240R2):T=(R+L2÷(24R))tg(0.5A)+Z[8]:B=ZL÷2:O=A÷Z+LE“ZH”=K-T▲Z[1]“HY”=E+L▲Z[2]“YH”=E+O-L▲Z[3]“HZ”=E+O▲Lb10:{M}:M“CDZH”M≤E=Goto6△M≤Z[1]=Goto1△M<Z[2]=Goto2△M≥Z[3]=Goto7△M≥Z[2]=Goto5△Lb11:G=M-E:D=√((G-G^5÷(40L2R2)+(G^9÷(3456R^4L^4))2+(G^3÷(6RL)-G^7÷(336R^3L^3)+G^11÷(42240R^5L^5))2)P0=C=F+ZG2÷(6L):H=F+BG2÷L2:≠=C=F-ZG2÷(6L):H=F-BG2÷L2△Goto3Lb12:G=M-Z[1]:Z[9]=R(1-cos(B+ZG))+L2÷(24R):D=√(Z[9]2+(Rsin(B+ZG)+Z[8])2)P0=C=F+tg-1(Z[9]÷(Rsin(B+ZG+Z[8])):H=F+B+ZG:≠=C=F-tg-1(Z[9]÷(Rsin(B+ZG+Z[8])):H=F-B-ZG△Goto3Lb13:X=U+DcosC▲Y=V+DsinC▲Lb1B:{J}:J“SG=TY+1,TY=SG-1”J0=Goto4:≠=:GotoALb14:{S}:S“ZB”:Z[6]“X”=X+Scos(H-90)▲Z[7]“Y”=Y+Ssin(H-90)▲{N}:S“YB”:Z[10]“X”=X+Ncos(H+90)▲Z[11]“Y”=Y+Nsin(H+90)▲Goto0Lb15:G=Z[3]-M:Z[4]=(T-G+G^5÷(40L2R2)-(G^9÷(3456R^4L^4))sinA+(G^3÷(6RL)-G^7÷(336R^3L^3)+G^11÷(42240R^5L^5))cosA:Z[5]=T+(T-G+G^5÷(40L2R2)-(G^9÷(3456R^4L^4))cosA-(G^3÷(6RL)-G^7÷(336R^3L^3)+G^11÷(42240R^5L^5))sinA:D=√(Z[4]2+Z[5]2)P0=C=F+tg-1(Z[4]÷Z[5]):H=F+A-BG2÷L2:≠=C=F-tg-1(Z[4]÷Z[5]):H=F-A+BG2÷L2△Goto3Lb16:D=E-M:C=F+180:H=F:Goto3Lb17:D=M-Z[3]:P0=C=F+A:≠=C=F-A:△H=C:Goto9Lb13:X=Q+DcosC▲Y=W+DsinC▲GotoBLb1A:{SN}:S“N”:N“E”Z[12]“X”=(S-X)cosH+(N-Y)sinH+M▲Z[13]“Y”=(N-Y)cosH-(S-X)sinH▲Goto02.2程序说明“JDK”—输入交点桩号“R”—输入曲半径“L”—输入缓和曲线长“A”—输入偏角“Y+1,Z-1”—路线右转输+1,左转输-1“FWJ”—输入起算方位角“ZHX”—输入直缓点X坐标“ZHY”—输入直缓点Y坐标“HZX”—输入缓直点X坐标“HZY”—输入缓直点Y坐标“CDZH”—输入待测点桩号“SG=TY+1,TY=SG-1”—①施工坐标转统一坐标输+1,“ZB”—输入中桩到左边桩的距离;“YB”—输入中桩到右边桩的距离;2.3统一坐标转施工坐标输-1,“N”—输入统一坐标的的N坐标;“E”—输入统一坐标的的E坐标。3计算实例以下是某高速公路放样数据,交点桩号为K45+262.08,N=5529.419,E=6378.049,起算方位角F=291°39′59.33″,A(左)=19°21′21.12″,R=1500,L=200,T=355.979,计算数据如下:桩号中桩坐标左边桩坐标(10m)右边桩坐标(10m)NENENEK44+7005321.9086900.4065312.6156896.7145331.2026904.098K44+8005358.8286807.4715349.5356803.7795368.1226811.163K44+9005395.7496741.5365386.4556710.8445405.0426718.2284结束语此程序具有以下几个优点:4.1此程序可利用任意控制点或任意导线点作为测站点,充分利fx-4800P计算器内存大的特点,把繁琐的计算交给计算器来完成。ZHK44+906.15398.0016708.8675388.7076705.1755407.2946712.559K44+9405410.4976677.3545401.1966673.6805419.7976681.028K44+9805425.0766640.1065415.7506636.4995434.4036643.713K45+0205439.2886602.7165429.9176599.2265448.6596606.206K45+0605452.9316565.1155443.4996561.7935462.3636568.437K45+1005465.7986527.2425456.2926524.1395475.3056530.345HYK45+106.12567.6796521.4405458.1616518.3755477.1986524.504K45+1455479.1206484.2615469.5256481.4445488.7156487.078K45+2005493.6426431.2165483.9506428.7535503.3346433.679K45+2405502.9776392.3225493.2226390.1185512.7316394.526QZK45+259.475507.1446373.3035497.3626371.2265516.9266375.380K45+3005515.0266333.5485505.1926331.7365524.8616335.360K45+3405521.7496294.1185511.8706292.5695531.6296295.668K45+3805527.4196254.5235517.5026253.2385537.3366255.809YHK45+412.835531.2826221.9225521.3396220.8545541.2256222.990K45+4705536.4066164.9855526.4346164.2425546.3796165.728K45+5005538.4356135.0545528.4546134.4395548.4176135.669K45+5405540.6316095.1145530.6436094.6235550.6196095.606K45+5805542.4386055.1555532.4476054.7345552.4306055.576HZK45+612.835543.7816022.3525533.7906021.9505553.7746022.756K45+7005547.2955935.2585537.3035934.8555557.2875935.662K45+8005551.3275835.3405541.3355834.9375561.3195835.743K45+9005555.3585735.4215545.3675735.0185565.3505735.824K46+0005559.3905635.5025549.3985635.0995569.3825635.9064.2此程序不但可计算任意点的中边桩坐标,还可把所测点的任意点的统一坐标快速转化为施工坐标,后者在高挖深填施工路段有着其独特的优越作用。4.3此程序可计算上一曲线终点(HZ)到下一曲线起点(ZH)之间的任意桩号段的各种线型(即直线、圆曲线、缓和曲线)的数据。此程序在江华高速公路、砚平高速公路、大保高速公路及瀑布沟电站进场公路、缅甸瑞丽江电站等工程上取得了很好的效果。参考文献