论罗马统治和诺曼底征服对英语借词发展的影响

中国最大的论文知识平台’svocabularyduringdifferentperiods.TheRomanChristianizingofBritainin597broughtEnglandintocontactwithLatincivilizationandmadesignificantadditionstoEnglishvocabulary.AndthecontinuouswarbetweenBritainandFranceespeciallytheNormanConquestfromthebeginningofthe11thcenturytothemiddleofthe14thcenturyresultedinnotonlytherevolutionofsocietybutalsothechangesofEnglishanditsvocabulary.ThispaperanalyzesthedevelopmentoftheEnglishloanwords,thewayinwhichloanwordswereintroducedintoEnglish,andtheinfluenceofRomanandNormanConquestontheEnglishloanwords,andthedifferencebetweentheinfluenceoftheConquestofRomanandNormanonEnglishLoanwords,inthehopethatitcanraiseourinterestsinstudyingEnglishandfinallyhelpusdiscoverthewaytomastertheEnglishvocabularywhichisextraordinarilyrich.KeyWords:loanwords;borrowing;RomanandNormanConquest;influence论罗马统治和诺曼底征服对借词发展的影响摘要：英语有超过一百万的词汇，依据来源可以被分为两大部分，一个是本族词，另一个是外来词。英语倾向于走出国门从其他语言借用各类词语来扩展自己的语库。拉丁语是世界上最古老的语言之一，它影响了世界上的很多语言。在历史上的不同时期，拉丁语都对英语产生了很重要的影响。在597年，罗马的基督教传入英国，这使得英国加强了同拉丁文化的联系，并且为英语带来了大量的拉丁词汇。在十一世纪初到十四世纪中期，英法之间不断的战争尤其是诺曼征服不仅影响了英国社会的发展而且影响了英语和英语词汇的变化。这篇论文分析了英语借词的发展、借词以何种途径被介绍到英语、罗马统治和诺曼征服这两个历史时期对英语借词的影响以及两次征服对英语借词影响的不同，以此提高我们学习英语的兴趣，最终找到掌握英语丰富英语词汇的好方法。关键词：借词；借用；罗马统治和诺曼征服；影响中国最大的论文知识平台(43A.D.—410A.D.)onEnglishLoanwords..................................................................................................32.1TheBorrowingofLatininthePeriodofRomanConquest(43A.D.—410A.D.).....................................................................................................................................32.2TheBorrowingsofLatinafterthePeriodofRomanRuling(450A.D.—1150A.D.)................................................................................................................................53.TheInfluenceofNormanConquest(1066)onEnglishLoanwords.73.1TheBorrowingofFrenchbeforeNormanConquest............................................73.2TheBorrowingofFrenchduringNormanConquest............................................83.3TheBorrowingofFrenchafterNormanCoquest.................................................84.TheDifferencebetweentheInfluencesoftheConquestofRomanandNormanonEnglishLoanwords......................................................104.1TheReasonsthatResultedintheDifference......................................................104.2TheDifferencebetweentheClassesofLoanwordsCausedbyTwoConquests.145.Conclusion............................................................................................14Bibliography.............................................................................................16中国最大的论文知识平台“processbywhichonelanguageordialecttakesandincorporatessomelinguisticelementfromanther”(AntonyArlotto,1986).AlsoassummedupintheEncyclopediaAmerican:“…TheEnglishlanguagehasvastdebts.Inanydictionary,some80%oftheentriesareborrowed.ThemajorityarelikelytocomefromLatinandofthosemorethanhalfwillcomethroughFrench.AconsiderablenumberwillderivedirectlyorindirectlyfromGreek.”(TheEncyclopediaAmerican1980,Vol.10).Borrowingwordsfromotherlanguagesisanimportantsourceofnewwords.Borrowingoccurswhenonelanguageaddsawordormorphemefromanotherlanguagetoitsownlexicon.Thepronunciationoftheborroweditemisoftena