中图分类号:V262.4论文编号:102870515-S183学科分类号:082503硕士学位论文飞机蒙皮外形的自动化检测技术研究研究生姓名许龙学科、专业航空宇航制造工程研究方向飞机数字化装配指导教师黄翔教授南京航空航天大学研究生院机电学院二О一五年三月NanjingUniversityofAeronauticsandAstronauticsTheGraduateSchoolCollegeofMechanicalandElectricalEngineeringResearchofAircraftSkinApperanceAutomativeInspectionTechnologyAThesisinManufacturingEngineeringofAeronauticsandAstronauticsbyXuLongAdvisedbyProf.HuangXiangSubmittedinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeofMasterofEngineeringMarch,2015承诺书本人声明所呈交的硕士学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果,也不包含为获得南京航空航天大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。本人授权南京航空航天大学可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索,可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。(保密的学位论文在解密后适用本承诺书)作者签名:日期:南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文I摘要目前我国大部分航空制造企业已经普遍引进数字化测量设备用于飞机蒙皮零件的检测,正在逐步摆脱过去依靠模线、样板等工艺装备的检测方法。数字化测量设备的引入能提高蒙皮零件的检测精度和检测效率,但是就目前而言数字化测量设备在我国飞机蒙皮零件检测领域的应用大多还处于起步阶段,相应研究也较少,一般还是采用手动测量方式进行,一方面这种测量方式缺乏统一的测量规范和测量流程,仅凭工人个人经验进行处理、效率低,不能满足现代飞机制造的要求;另一方面针对大尺寸大范围蒙皮零件的检测,急需一种高效、快速、自动化的测量方式实现大蒙皮类零件的自动化检测。针对上述问题,本文以飞机蒙皮外形的自动化检测为研究对象,研究了基于激光雷达的飞机蒙皮外形的自动化检测技术。通过对飞机蒙皮外形特征的提取和离散,生成自动化测量引导点,引导激光雷达对各个特征进行自动化测量以及对测量数据的处理,完成了飞机蒙皮外形的自动检测。本文主要内容如下:(1)讨论了飞机蒙皮外形特征的种类,提出了蒙皮检测特征的命名规则,研究了检测特征的提取和离散的方法并通过实例演示了特征离散的过程。(2)研究了基于激光雷达的自动化测量基准建立的原则与方法,讨论了激光雷达各种测量方式的特点并针对不同特征的自动化测量选择了相应的测量方式,设计了蒙皮外形特征的自动化测量方法和测量流程。(3)针对采集到的数据中可能存在噪点,设计了点云数据去噪的算法并通过实例验证了算法的有效性,研究了针对不同特征的检测数据特征提取,包括外形关键数据提取和轮廓与孔关键数据提取,并通过实际的检测数据演示了特征提取的过程,验证了特征提取算法的有效性。(4)开发了飞机蒙皮外形自动化检测软件,实现了特征提取与离散、建立自动化测量基准、蒙皮外形特征的自动化测量、数据去噪与特征提取和生成检测报告等功能。关键词:飞机蒙皮外形,外形检测,激光雷达,自动化测量、数据去噪、特征提取飞机蒙皮外形的自动化检测技术研究IIABSTRACTAtpresent,advanceddigitalmeasuringequipmentiswidelyusedintheinspectionofaircraftskinbymostoftheaviationmanufacturingenterprises,andthetraditionalinspectionmethodswhichrelyonmouldlineandtemplatearebeingreplaced.Theprecisionandefficiencyofaircraftskininspectioncanbegreatlyimprovedbydigitalmeasuringequipment,however,theuseofdigitalmeasuringequipmentsintheinspectionofaircraftskinarestillinitsinfancyandlackofcorrespondingstudy.Generalmeasurementmodeofdigitalmeasuringequipmentbymanualhastwoweaknesses:oneislackofaunifiedmeasurementstandardandprocesswhichresultedinlowefficiency,theotheristhelowdegreeautomation.Inordertosolvethoseproblems,thefeaturesofaircraftskinhavebeentakenasresearchobjectsandanautomaticinspectiontechnologyofaircraftskinfeaturesbasedonlaserradarhasbeenstudiedinthispaper.Byextractingandscatteringfeaturesofaircraftskin,guidinglaserradarautomaticmeasurefeaturesandprocessingmeasurementdata,theautomaticinspectionofaircraftskinhasbeencompleted.Themainresearchcontentsareasfollows:1)Thestudyobjectsareestablishedbydissussingthevariousfeatruesofaircraftskinandproposedextractionandscattermethodsoftheinspectionfeature.2)Theprincipleandmethodofcreationmeasurmentbasedonlaserradarautomaticmeasurmentisstudied,discussedcharacteristicsoflaserradarvariousmeasurementmodesandselectedcorrespondingmeasurementmodeforfeaturesautomationmeasure,designedautomaticmeasurementmethodsandprocessesofaircraftskinfeatures.3)Thealgorithmforthemeasurementdatareductionandnoiseprocessingisstudiedandverifiedtheefficiencyofdenosingalgorithm,researchedthemethodsofextractingfeatruesfrominspectiondatesincludingthesurfaceandprofilekeydataextractionandvaliditedthefeatureextractionalgorithm.4)Basedontheabovetheoreticalstudies,anaircraftskinautomaticinspectionsoftwareisdevelopedwhichachievedtheextractionandscatteredofaircraftskinfeatures,creationmeasurementbase,automaticmeasurement,denoisingandextractfeaturesfrommeasurementpoints,generateinspectionreports,etc.Theapplicationshowsthatthesoftwarecanmeetthedemandsandimprovetheefficiencyofdigitalmeasurement.Keywords:Aircraftskinapperance,apperanceinspection,laserradar,automaticmeasurement,denosing,featureextraction.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文III目录第一章绪论..........................................................................................................................................1 1.1课题研究目的和意义..............................................................................................................1 1.2国内外研究现状......................................................................................................................1 1.2.1国外数字化测量设备应用现状...................................................................................2 1.2.2国内数字化测量研究现状...........................................................................................4 1.3课题来源与需求分析..............................................................................................................5 1.4激光雷达组成与测量原理......................................................................................................6 1.5主要研究内容与论文结构......................................................................................................7 第二章飞机蒙皮外形自动测量引导点生成方法...............................................................................9 2.1引言.........................................................................................................................................9 2.2蒙皮检测特征分类............................................................................