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2002242EngineeringScienceFeb12002Vol14No12[]2001-11-08[](1927-),,,,(,100038)[]1949200050,,,,,;,;,,,,,,50,,,,[];;[]TV21[]A[]1009-1742(2002)02-0042-10150,,,,,,,,,,,,(),()(),,,720110,95,618,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,1949,,111,,,1949,40000km,,,50,26104km,7900km,815,,,,3300104hm2(5),600,50,10000m3/s12,,1958,50195471,19571898,196350,,,101991,51,,1998,,1335,(:19981931,,)1121250,5600,400,,19491600104hm2(214)5333104hm2(8);2000104hm2(3),82%;533104hm2(8000),71%;,1520104hm2(2128),;,4100108m3/a,,,,5108t,7%22%,,2116,113,,50,,,,,1500108m3,1100108m3,300108m35600108m3/a(19491000108m3),460m3,1949,114,6176108kW,3178108kW,19200108kWh,1949,36104kW,12108kWh,50,7935104kW,2431108kWh,2418%,1718%,23(25104kW)(215104kW)1/3,4620104kW,1820104kW,,2003,,,,240104kW,342:,(2430108kWh112108t),,11550,78104km2,1616104km2,,2070,3108t,,10104km,,1988,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,()(),(),()33,(),,,32104kW,10m,55104kW70104kW500kV50,,,,,,,,,(),240m()178m(),(178m)(292m)RCC(192214m),(232m),50,,,,,250,,,21150,,,,,,,1020,,,444,,,,,,,,,,,,,,26104km,,,,,,,,1998,,10108t,,50,19861997,215108t,,6000m3/s300m3/s19968,7600m3/s,195822300m3/s0191m,21,,,,,,,3,,,,,,,mitigationpreventioncontrol,,,,,,,212,28000108m3,2200m3,121,21,1700m3,700m3,500m3(358m3),1000m3500m350,,,,67%,59%,90%,,,()013014,017018,305051030%40%,75%85%20%,30%,15%,,40%1kg,213kg,,216m3,,,,,,,,,213,,,,,,624108m3,542:,10104km,47%,1675%118,64%,33%,,,,(1997508108m3,4714108m3),,,,,,,,,,,,200,,,,,,,,,,214,,:1),,,,,2),,,,,3),,,,4),,,,,5),6)50,,,,,7),12%(),,,,,,,,,,,:1),,,:a1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,644,,,b1,,,,,,,2050,,,,,,;,,c1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2),,,,,:a1,,,,,,,,,,b1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,c1,,,,,,,,,,,,,3),a120,,,,,,,,b130,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;;,;742:,;,;,;;,;,;,321,2121,,,GDP80050006000(),,,,,,,311,(),,,50,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1520,,312,,,21,(),,,,,,,,(),,,,2015()1415104km2,20302412104km2,4108t6108t,20508108t,,,,,,,21,313,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,844,,,(660km),(490km),2020,1000m3/s,180m3/s,154108m31400250m3/s,,,,,(),1246km,482km,764km,,130108145108m3,,,1520,2010300108m3,,,,,,,,,,40108m3,170108m3,(),,,,2020,21,,,,,,21,,,,,:();;;;,,,,;,;,,,21314,,21,19491000108m3,205600108m321,,,,20507300108m3,,8000108m380001089500108m3,,,,,,,,(5108t7108t),16,942:,111kg115118kg,,,(),(),,,,,,,,:1),,,,,,,,,,2),,20102030205040%60%80%,50%80%95%3),,,,,,,,4)(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,315,,,50,,7935104kW,,,,198912,2115108kW,9(),1181108kW,,,,,(),,,,()201020202030112108118108214108kW,,,,:1),,,,2),3),05421,,,20,,,,,,,,,,,:,,Achievements,ProblemsandProspectsinChinasWaterConservancyConstructionPanJiazheng(ChineseAcademyofEngineering,Beijing100038,China)[Abstract]Inthefirstpartofthepaper,mainachievementsandprogressinwaterconservancyconstructionofChinaoverthepasthalfcenturyarebrieflysummarisedinrespectofflood2control,irrigation,watersupplyandhydroenergyutilization,whicharealsoreflectedinsci2tech,educationandmanagement.Inthesecondpart,whileaffirmingtheachievements,theproblemsandshortcomingsareanalyzed.Theymainlyinclude:theflood2controlstandardisstillatlowlevelandreliableandcompletewater2controlsystemshavenotbeenestab2lished;waterleveloffloodsareincreasinglyraisingcausingtheincreaseoffloodpreventionburdenandrisks;overexploitingofwaterresourcesandseriouswasteofwater;watercontaminationandwaterenvironmentdeteri2oration;theincompleteness,lowquality,extensivemanagementandloweconomicresultsofwaterconservancyprojects,andsoon.Thepaperholdsthattheseproblemsshouldbeattributedtotheone2sidedideologyandim2properpolicies.Finally,inlinewiththerequirementofthedevelopmentandrejuvenationofChina,thepaperforecaststhetasksandgoalsofwaterconservancyconstructioninthedaystocome.[Keywords]Chinaswaterconservancy;achievements;problemandprospects200243B27000IP152: