语法专题五介词连词(5)

第五讲介词、介词短语和连词一．真题自测【2013北京】26.IhaveanappointmentDr.Smith,butIneedtochangeit.A.toB.offC.withD.from【2013福建】29.Mrs.Smithfindsithardtoclearupthemess,asherchildrenarealways______whenevershetriesto.A.inthewayB.onwatchC.insightD.ontheline【2013湖北】30.Anartistwhowasrecentlytravelingonaferrytothesouthernislanddiscovered______alonglostantiqueGreekvase.A.atrandomB.bychanceC.inturnD.onoccasion【2013江苏】26.IamalwaysdelightedwhenIreceiveanemailfromyou.thepartyonJuly1st,Ishallbepleasedtoattend.A.OnaccountofB.InresponsetoC.InviewofD.Withregardto【2013辽宁】25.______everyonehere,Iwishyouapleasantjourneybacktoyourcountry.A.BymeansofB.OnbehalfofC.InsearchofD.Forfearof【2013山东】34.TheSmithsarepraised_______thewaytheybringuptheirchildren.A.fromB.byC.atD.for【2013陕西】24.Themanagerwantstoseechangesinthecompany,andIamsurehewill.A.inparticularB.inturnC.inchargeD.intime【2013新课标II卷】11Aseriousstudyofphysicsisimpossiblesomeknowledgeofmathematics.A.againstB.beforeC.beyondD.without【2013新课标I卷】34.Itwasarealracetimetogettheprojectdone.Luckily,wemadeit.A.overB.byC.forD.against【2013浙江】14.Itwillbeabighelpifyougotothestoreandgetwhatweneedfordinner.______,I’llsetthetable.A.AsaresultB.OnthewholeC.InthemeanwhileD.Asamatteroffact【2013安徽】22.Beforeyoupayavisittoaplaceofinterest,lookinyourlocallibraryabookaboutit.A.onB.atC.forD.to二．考点讲义一、介词和介词短语介词是一种虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词或代词(相当于名词的其他词类短语或从句)构成介词短语，才能在句中充当某一个成分。介词短语在句中可充当状语，表语，定语及补语等成分。HowIwisheveryfamilyhadalargehousewithabeautifulgarden!Isthisthereasonheexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewly－electedpresidentishavingahardtime.二、连词连词是用来连接词、短语、从句或句子的一种虚词不能独立担任句子成分。按词义及其句法作用，连词可分为并列连词和从属连词。常见的并列连词有and,but,or,notonly...butalso,yet,either...or...等。常见的从属连词有when,because,if,though,asif,nowthat,until,unless等。IsawBobplaythepianoatJohn'spartyandonthatoccasionhewassimplybrilliant.Notonlyistheteacherhimselfinterestedinfootballbutallhisstudentsarebeginningtoshowaninterestinit.Pleasefollowyoursupervisor'sinstructions,oryou'lloffendhim.一、介词和介词短语在高考试题中对介词的考查主要集中在常见介词搭配中。如：1．for为了；因为Iapologisedtotheteacherformybeinglate.Forsomereason,Irefusedhisinvitation.2．without没有Hecameinwithouthismanager'spermission.Iwouldn'thavefinishedthetaskwithoutyourhelp.3．by借助于某种手段Theoldmanearnedhislivingbysellingfruits.4．over“在正上方(但未接触)；超过”，多表示年龄，距离或跨越一定的高度Youcan'twearabluejacketoverthatshirt.Theplanecanflyoverthemountain.5．beyond超越(界限、范围、限度)，可指时间或程度It'squitebeyondmewhysuchthingshavebeenallowedtohappen.6．across表示从空间表面上横穿。through表示从人体或物体的内部穿过，也可指抽象意义上的通过。HesuddenlysawMaryacrosstheroom.Hepushedhiswaythroughthecrowdofpeopletogettoher.7．besides“除……之外”，其宾语包括在内。except“除了”，其宾语不包括在内。exceptfor强调整体中的细节，前后事物不属于同类。but常和except互换，强调不在其中。butfor“要不是”，往往用在虚拟语气的含蓄条件句中。Besidesflowers,thepupilssenttheirteacheranicegreetingcardforherbirthday.Thearticleisverygoodexceptforsomespellingmistakes.二、连词对连词的考查，近年高考主要集中在对从属连词和并列连词的考查上。对从属连词的考查主要集中在对其在不同从句中的不同用法的考查；对并列连词的考查主要集中在对其连接并列成分的用法以及特点上。1．并列连词(1)and,or和butImustworkhard,orI'llfailinthecontest.Makeupyourmind,andyou'llgetthechance.—Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?—I'dliketo,butI'mtoobusy.(2)notonly...but(also),aswellas不但……而且Sheplaysnotonlythepiano,but(also)theguitar.Notonlydoeshelikereadingstories,butalsohecanevenwritesome.(3)neither...nor“既不……也不……”；both...and...“两者都”；either...or...“不是……就是……”Neitheryounorheistoblame.EitheryouorIamright.(4)not...but...不是……而是……Theywerenotthebonesofananimal,butthebonesofahumanbeing.(5)for因为Heisabsenttoday,forheisill.注意：for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。(6)so,therefore因此Hehurthisleg,sohecouldn'tplayinthegame.2.从属连词主要应用在各种状语从句中。三．考点强化【2012全国卷II】⒗100℃isthetemperature___whichwaterwillboil.A.forB.atC.onD.of【2012安徽】25.Youcanchangeyourjob,youcanmovehouse,butfriendshipismeanttobelife.A.ofB.onC.toD.for【2012北京】34.Doyouthinkthisshirtistootight____theshoulders?A.atB.onC.toD.across【2012福建】26.Chinahasbeenpushingthereformofpublichospitals______allitscitizens.A.inchargeofB.forthepurposeofC.inhonorofD.forthebenefitof【2012福建】33.Nothingissoeasyas____parentstoraisetheirexpectationsoftheirchildrentoohigh.A.ofB.toC.byD.for【2012陕西】11.Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembersare_____it.A.againstB.forC.toD.with【2012辽宁】27.TheWellHotelstandsinaquietplace______themainroadatthefarendofthelake.A.toB.forC.offD.out【2012四川】14.Thistrainingprogramcangiveyoualiftatwork,____increaseyourincomeby40%.A.aswellasB.solongasC.somuchasD.assoonas【2012浙江】6.______alltheanimalsI’veeverhad,thesetwodogsarethemostsensitivetothespokenword.A.FromB.OfC.ForD.With2011-介词1.（2011·湖北卷）30.Whenaskedabouttheiropinionabouttheschoolmaster,manyteacherswouldprefertoseehimstepasideyoungermen.A.intermsofB.inneedofC.infavorofD.inpraiseof2.（2011·全国II）14.Thisshopwillbeclosedforrepairs______furthernotice.A.withB.untilC.forD.at3.（2011·四川卷）8.Nick,it’sgoodforyoutoreadsomebooks__________Chinabeforeyoustartyourtripthere.A.inB.forC.ofD.on4.（2011·北京卷）35.Withnewtechnology,picturesofunderwatervalleyscanbetakencolor.A.byB.forC.withD.in5.（2011·天津卷）11.Hewasagoodstudentandscored_________averageinmo