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I-1 :1. 0.6km/km21SouththeEastRiverbranchofhoujieriverdongguanRiverbeihaiRiverChiJiaoRiversishenweizhangpenmachongdashenMaChongshiziyangxibianchongDanshuiRiverzengJiangsha-RiverShiLongDongshengBoLuoQiLingZuiresearchfulareaoftheModelhuangxiancunchongchonggaobuliuwuzhouzhongtanriverhongwuworivershuishechongjiangchengguanchengNorthbranchoftheEastRiver 1 ! 2. # $%2.1&’() # $%20043GB3838-2002CODCrDOBOD53122112332.2 *#12092.98m3/a781.77m3/aI-2330.43m3/a 1 ( m3/a)COD(t/a) (t/a)23092237.2169.432823611.9160.3716.31.710101556.7166.921941814.7311.21058356364.51704.02658155985.64200.4937327451.61551.452807499.936728681405.2154.29031255.231.012032489.659.53. 3.1 !#$%DHIMike11Mike11AbbottMIKE11qCAKCxCADxQCtAC2)(+−=∂∂∂∂−∂∂+∂∂CDAKC2/qxtn+1Cn+1,ADLCn+1,AD=(Cn+1,AD-Cn,AD)Ltn+1Cn+1,WQLCn+1,WQ=Cn+1,WQ-CnWQ/LtLCn+1,WQ=LCn+1,WQ+LCn+1,AD53.2 !&’()MIKE1113442.5km5453.3 *+#,-CODBOD19961997BODCODI-3COD0.1d-1BOD0.15d-10.15d-13.4 200122004322 2 2 mg/LDOBODN16.146.231.831.731.111.2724.333.932.131.851.421.4234.073.853.743.521.691.5243.153.323.93.852.12.3554.584.252.241.981.681.5663.754.014.043.842.151.943.5 20012720012164. 140m3/s185m3/s200m3/s230m3/s330m3/s400m3/s97233m3/sI-4NEWTRENDANDAPPLICATIONOFRUNOFFANALYSISShuichiKURE1,TadashiYAMADA21Graduateschool,ChuoUniversity,Japan;2Dept.ofCivilEngineering,ChuoUniversity,Japan1.IntroductionWater-relateddisasterssuchasfloodsanddroughtsareincreasingintheworldandtheirscaleofdamageandimpactisbecomingincreasinglyserious.Thismaybecausedbyfactorslikeclimatechangeinglobalscale,rapidpopulationgrowth,thehighconcentrationofpopulationandpropertyinurbanareas,etc.InJapan,floodriskisseriouslyhighbecauseofitsspecialmeteorologicalandgeophysicalconditions.TyphoonsandBay-ufrontsbringheavyrainfalltoJapan.RiversarecharacterizedbyrapidrunoffbecauseofsteepslopesofJapanesemountains.Inaddition,largefractionofthepopulationandpropertyareconcentratedinfloodplainswhichhavethelargepotentialofinundation.Inordertoarriveatgoodfloodsimulationresults,itisimportantnotonlytodevelopphysically-basedrunoffmodelsbutalsotoclarifyarunoffmechanisminabasin.Alargenumberofrefinedphysicalmodelsortheorieswereproposedtosimulaterunoffinrealwatershedsduringthelastseveraldecades,andofferedusawealthofusefulinformationaboutthemechanismofwaterflowinacatchmentanditscontributiontotherunoff.Twomajordevelopmentstransformedhydrologybymakingitmorephysicalthanempiricalscience.Thefirstwastheavailabilityofincreasingly-powerfulcomputerswhichenabledthedevelopmentofmuchmorecomplexrunoffmodels.Thesecondwastherecentdevelopmentsintheremotesensingtechniques.Thesetechnologicaldevelopmentshavekindledanewinterestindescribingandmodelinghydrologicalprocessesconsideringspatiallydistributedhydrologicalcharacteristicsbyusingadistributedrunoffmodel.Especially,overthelast10years,remotesensinghasemergedasapotentialsolutiontomanyhydrologicalproblems,anditholdsoutthepossibilityofatruedistributionmodelingcapabilityinhydraulics.Pixelsizesforremotelysenseddataareoftenthesameasdistributedmodelelementscales.2 IntegratedToolsfortheWaterCycleSimulationBasedonHydro-meteorology(ChuoUniversityModel)Overthelast10years,jointresearchbetweenChuoUniversityandDHIWater&EnvironmenthasbeencarriedouttodevelopphysicallybasedfloodforecastingsysteminJapan.Wehavedevelopedaframeworkforsimulationoffloodflowbasedonmeteorologicalandgeophysicalinformation.Thisisanintegratedapproachwhichcoverspartofwatercyclefromrainfalltofloodinundationcalculation.Thismethodcanbeadoptedfordiversescenariosincludingurbanareasandmountainousterrains(Fig.1).Inparticular,themethodisverypromisingforforecastingflooddisastersinsmallbasinsanddevelopingcountrieswherethepasthydrologicaldataisinsufficient.Wecontinuedevelopingourmodelandintendtoeventuallydeviseamethodforutilizingtheadvancedremotesensingtechniquesinanyregionwheretheparametersconcerningsoilproperty,topographiccharacteristic,andland-useareavailable.Totalresearchactivitieshavefollowingfeatures;•RadarHydrology:predictionandanalysisofrainfallevent•MicroCloudPhysics:effectsofaerosolsonthecloudformation•UrbanThermalEnvironment:mitigationeffectsofthermalenvironmentbyforest,riverandwatering•LandUseInformation:autoclassificationbyusingsatelliteimagesandGIS•RunoffAnalysis:distributedrunoffmodelsandfloodroutingmodelsinriver(MOUSE,MIKESHEandMIKE11)•FloodInundationSimulation(MIKE21)•FloodControlMethodbyDamGateOperation(MIKE11)•TheoreticalAnalysisofFluidDynamics:mathematicalapproachforanalysisofascendingwavesonariverbasedongeneralizedcoordinatesystems•MechanismofSedimentTransportandVariationofRiverBedinTidalRiversI-5•FieldObservationandNumericalAnalysisofWaterQualityinReservoirs,LakesandTidalriversIntegratedToolsfortheWaterCycleSimulationBasedonHydro-meteorology(ChuoUniversity)RainfallPredictionPredictionusingaphysicalmodelRunoffAnalysisUrbancatchmentareaMountainousbasinsPredictionusingDopplerradarinformationClassificationofthelandusefromsatelliteimagesExtracti