翻译学第十二讲

译文的简洁、精炼神雕乐队hotelCalifornia《加州招待所》《SomebodyThatIUsedtoKnow》“有些人，用过了才知道”，《PrincessofChina》又名“还珠格格”，《OurHorseIsDead》又名“我们的马子死了”，《One/Three》又名“万岁”，《WhotheFuckAreArcticMonkeys》“你才北极猴，你全家都北极猴”，《DiamondMine》又名“呆萌的我”，《SecondComing》又名“再来一发”，《WhereHaveYouBeen》又名“威海油饼”，《DieYoung》又名“呆样”。1.春节是汉族和一些少数民族最隆重喜庆的节日。TheSpringFestival,themostjubilantandimportantfestivalinChina,isobservedbyHanandsomeotherminorities.HappyceremonioussolemnjoyousMinoritynationalitiesminoritiespeople2.节日活动从腊月二十三开始。人们在此时打扫房间、院落、贴上年画窗花、准备年货。Festivitiesbeginonthe23rdofthe12thlunarmonth,whenpeoplesweeptheirhousesandcourtyards,decoratethewallswithNewYear’spicturesandthewindowswithpaper-cuts,andpreparefood.PastepostDecember3.人们在门两边的门框上，贴上红纸，写上对联，以求吉祥和幸福。Peoplehangcoupletinscriptionsoneithersideofthedoors;thedoorsarepastedwithcoupletsonredpapertoseekgoodluckorhappiness.antitheticalcouplet4.节日活动在除夕达到高潮，家家户户灯火齐明，全家团聚吃团年饭。FestivitiesreachtheirpeakonNewYear’sEve.Householdsareallbrightlylit,andreunitedfamilymembershaveabigfeast.ClimaxhighlightMealeating5.大家互相祝愿，辞旧守岁。Theyextendgoodwishestooneanothertobidfarewelltotheoutgoingyear,thentheystayuplateorallnight.翻译中的搭配和四字词语关于搭配，首先可以查阅搭配词典，其次可以通过相关网站查询。如：等网址可以检索搭配1、使用搭配网站（如；）、搭配词典（如《牛津英语搭配词典》）和语料库（如BNC语料库）检索搭配；2、使用、、、、://（牛津高阶学习者词典）（词源）（柯林斯）（韦氏最新版）（剑桥英语词典）（有释义、缩写、词组惯用法、同义词、押韵词、名人的名言、各种各样的百科信息等）3、对语料库提供的多个译文根据语境和英语习惯进行分析、判断，首先排除有错误的译文，然后通过使用韦氏或牛津同义词词典，或等网站区分词汇的风格、褒贬、轻重，选出合适的译文。避免蛇足知识产权intellectualproperty(right)降噪量noisereduction(volume)中国民航AirChina中国国际广播公司RadioBeijing海关总署theCustomService版权税royalty证券交易所StockExchange产权交易所propertyrightexchange国家出版局theStateCopyrightAdministration国家工商行政管理局theStateAdministrationofIndustryandCommerce急诊室emergency(room)候机室lounge高等教育研究所HigherEducationInstitute汉语四字结构的翻译汉语四字结构的关系有三种：并列(co-ordinate)关系、偏正(modifying)关系、主谓(subject-predicate)关系。•一、并列关系安定团结stabilityandunity美丽善良kind-heartedandbeautiful干净整齐cleanandtidy典雅大方elegantandgraceful轻松柔软softandlight送旧迎新tosetofftheoldandwelcomethenew改革开放reformandopeningup打砸抢beating,smashingandlooting丰衣足食well-fedandwellclothed.有时候，并列关系的四字结构实际上是同义重复，汉语中往往是加强语势，翻译时只需要翻译一个即可。生动活泼lively光辉灿烂brilliant打击报复retaliate繁荣昌盛prosperous添油加醋toaddspiceto断章取义toquoteoutofcontext贼眉鼠眼shifty-eyed(thievish-looking)声嘶力竭toshoutoneselfhoarse丰功伟绩greatachievements心灰意懒Tofeeldisheartened穷山恶水Poverty-strickenplaces;barrenhillsanduntamedrivers称心如意satisfactory惊天动地earth-shaking穷凶极恶nefarious唉声叹气moanandgroan胡言乱语talknonsense奇装异服outlandishclothes南腔北调amixedaccent日新月异everchanging粗制滥造crudelymade深仇大恨deephatred奇谈怪论strangetale千方百计byhookorcrook街谈巷议streetgossip二、偏正关系市场机制marketmechanism合资企业jointventure达成协议toreachanagreement平等会谈thetalkonanequalfooting连年丰收bumperharvestforyearsrunning稳定物价tostabilizecommodityprices上缴利税financialcontributiontothegovernmentrevenues大补元气toreinforcevitalenergy三、主谓关系1、我们将遵循“质量第一”、“用户至上”的原则，热忱地为用户服务。Strictlyadheringtotheprincipleof“QualityFirst”and“CustomerFirst”，wewillofferbestservicetoourcustomers.2．这种电扇具有风力大、用电省、温升低、噪音小、造型美等特点。Thiskindofelectricfanisnotedforitsabundantairflow，lesspowerconsumption，lowertemperaturerise，negligiblenoiseandattractiveappearance.3.我厂生产的电冰箱，具有造型美观、质量可靠、噪音小、耗电少、使用方便安全等特点。Therefrigeratorsmanufacturedbyourplantarenotedfortheirgracefulstyles，reliablequality，lownoise，lowpowerconsumption，easyoperationandsafety.4．我们不但要有一个农林牧副渔布局合理、全面发展、能够满足人民生活和工业发展需要的发达的农业，还要有一个门类齐全、结构合理、能够满足社会消费和整个国民经济发展需要的先进的工业。Wenotonlyneedadevelopedagriculturalsystemwitharationaldistributionandall-rounddevelopmentoffarming，forestry，animalhusbandry，side-lineproductionandfishery，meetingtheneedsofthepeople'slifeandexpandingindustry，butalsoanadvancedindustrialsystemwhichiscompleteinrangeandrationalinstructureandwhichmeetstheneedsofconsumersandtheexpansionofthewholenationaleconomy.5．港内水域宽阔，水深浪静，万吨轮船通行无阻，五万吨轮船可以乘潮自由进出。Intheinnerharborisavastexpanseofdeepandpeacefulseawater.Vesselsof10,000tonscanenterorleavetheportwitheaseand50,000-tonfreighterscandosoonthefloodtide.一些常用四字结构的翻译质地优良beexcellentinquality/withsuperiorquality品种齐全incompleterangeofarticles款式繁多withvario