PASSAGE4ThetermHudsonRiverschoolwasappliedtotheforemost最重要的representatives代表ofnineteenth-centuryNorthAmericanlandscapepainting.HudsonRiverschool在19世纪是北美山水画的最重要的代表。Apparently显然的unknownduringthegoldendaysoftheAmericanlandscapemovement,whichbeganaround1850andlasteduntilthelate1860's,theHudsonRiverschoolseemstohaveemergedinthe1870'sasadirectresultofthestrugglebetweentheoldandthenewgenerationsofartists,eachtoassert维护;坚持itsownstyleastherepresentativeAmericanart.显然在美国山水画的黄金时期的未知运动从1850年左右开始一直持续到1860年代末,HudsonRiverSchool似乎在1870年代出现了一个直接结果旧的艺术家和新的一代艺术家的斗争,都为了维护以自己风格为代表的艺术。Theolderpainters,mostofwhomwerebornbefore1835,practicedinamodeoftenself-taught自学的;自修的andmonopolized垄断;独占bylandscapesubjectmatterandweresecurelyestablishedinandfosteredbythereigningAmericanartorganization,theNationalAcademyofDesign.老的艺术家们,其中大多是出生在1835年以前,实行一种自学的垄断的景观主题和牢固建立的和现任美国艺术组织培养,国家设计学院。TheyoungerpaintersreturninghomefromtraininginEuropeworkedmorewithfigural借喻的subjectmatterandinabold大胆的;英勇的andimpressionistictechnique;theirprospects前景forpatronage赞助intheirowncountrywereuncertain,andtheysoughttoattract应该吸引itbyattainingacademicrecognitioninNewYork.年轻的画家在欧洲的训练中工作伴随着借喻的主题和大胆的以及印象派的手法;他们在自己的国家中赞助的前景并不确定,他们应该吸引他通过得到纽约的学术认可。Oneoftheresultsoftheconflictbetweenthetwofactionswasthatwhatinpreviousyearshadbeenreferred参考;援引的toastheAmerican,native,or,occasionally,NewYorkschool—themostrepresentativeschoolofAmericanartinanygenre—hadby1890becomefirmlyestablishedinthemindsofcriticsandpublicalike相似的astheHudsonRiverschool.冲突的结果之一是,在过去的几年间被认为是“美国”,“本土”,或者,偶尔,称为“纽约”学校——在大多数美国的艺术题材中最具代表性的学校有1890年成为坚固的建设在批评家和相似的公众心中的HudsonRiverSchool.Thesobriquet绰号wasfirstappliedaround1879.绰号首次被应用在1879年Whileitwasnotintended打算asflattering奉承的;谄媚的,itwashardlyinappropriate不适当的.然而这不是为了让人喜欢,这是很不适合的。TheAcademiciansatwhomitwasaimedhadworkedandsocializedinNewYork,theHudson'sportcity,andhadpaintedtheriveranditsshoreswithvaryingfrequency.院士在纽约,它的目的是工作和社会化的两院院士,在Hudson的港口城市,并绘制了不同频率的河流和海岸Mostimportant,perhaps,wasthattheyhadallmaintainedwithacertainfidelity保真度amanneroftechniqueandcomposition构成consistentwiththoseofAmerica'sfirstpopularlandscapeartist,ThomasCole,whobuiltacareerpaintingtheCatskillMountainsceneryborderingtheHudsonRiver.最重要的是,也许,他们保持着一定保真度的管理和技术和构成美国第一流行的山水画艺术家一直的手法,ThomasCole,他建立了一个职业绘画CatskillMountain风景临近hudson河。Apossibleimplicationinthetermappliedtothegroupoflandscapistswasthatmanyofthemhad,likeCole,livedonornearthebanksoftheHudson.在一个可能有山水画家的群体,他们中的许多人,比如COLE,生活或者挨着Hudson河。Further,theriverhadlongservedastheprincipalroute主要路线toothersketching草图;写生groundsfavoredbytheAcademicians,particularlytheAdirondacksandthemountainsofVermontandNewHampshire.此外,这条河曾经担任绘画草图的主要路线得到院士的喜爱,特别是山和Vermont和NewHampshire的山群。