[演讲的艺术].Luc3564x-TOC

vContentsCHAPTER1SpeakinginPublicPARTISPEAKINGANDLISTENING2PrefacexviiReviewersandFocusGroupParticipantsxxxThePowerofPublicSpeaking4TheTraditionofPublicSpeaking6SimilaritiesBetweenPublicSpeakingandConversation6DifferencesBetweenPublicSpeakingandConversation9DevelopingConfidence:YourSpeechClass9NervousnessIsNormal10DealingwithNervousness11PublicSpeakingandCriticalThinking16TheSpeechCommunicationProcess17Speaker17Message18Channel18Listener19Feedback20Interference20Situation21TheSpeechCommunicationProcess:ExamplewithCommentary22PublicSpeakinginaMulticulturalWorld22CulturalDiversityintheModernWorld22CulturalDiversityandPublicSpeaking24AvoidingEthnocentrism25Luc3564x_fm_i-00110/4/0512:15PMPagevTheImportanceofEthics34GuidelinesforEthicalSpeaking36MakeSureYourGoalsAreEthicallySound36BeFullyPreparedforEachSpeech36BeHonestinWhatYouSay38AvoidName-CallingandOtherFormsofAbusiveLanguage39PutEthicalPrinciplesintoPractice41Plagiarism41GlobalPlagiarism43PatchworkPlagiarism43IncrementalPlagiarism44PlagiarismandtheInternet46GuidelinesforEthicalListening47BeCourteousandAttentive47AvoidPrejudgingtheSpeaker48MaintaintheFreeandOpenExpressionofIdeas49viCONTENTSCHAPTER2EthicsandPublicSpeaking32CHAPTER3Listening54ListeningIsImportant56ListeningandCriticalThinking57FourCausesofPoorListening58NotConcentrating58ListeningTooHard59JumpingtoConclusions60FocusingonDeliveryandPersonalAppearance61HowtoBecomeaBetterListener62TakeListeningSeriously62BeanActiveListener62ResistDistractions64Don’tBeDivertedbyAppearanceorDelivery65SuspendJudgment66FocusYourListening66DevelopNote-TakingSkills68Luc3564x_fm_i-00110/4/0512:15PMPageviChoosingaTopic86TopicsYouKnowaLotAbout87TopicsYouWanttoKnowMoreAbout88BrainstormingforTopics89DeterminingtheGeneralPurpose93DeterminingtheSpecificPurpose94TipsforFormulatingtheSpecificPurposeStatement95QuestionstoAskAboutYourSpecificPurpose98PhrasingtheCentralIdea101WhatIstheCentralIdea?101GuidelinesfortheCentralIdea103ContentsviiCHAPTER4SelectingaTopicandaPurpose84CHAPTER5AnalyzingtheAudience11073APPENDIXGivingYourFirstSpeechPreparingYourSpeech74DevelopingtheSpeech74OrganizingtheSpeech75DeliveringYourSpeech78SpeakingExtemporaneously78RehearsingtheSpeech79PresentingtheSpeech80SampleSpeecheswithCommentary81PARTIISPEECHPREPARATION:GETTINGSTARTEDAudience-Centeredness112YourClassmatesasanAudience113ThePsychologyofAudiences114DemographicAudienceAnalysis116Age116Gender117SexualOrientation118Racial,Ethnic,andCulturalBackground119Religion121GroupMembership122SituationalAudienceAnalysis123Size123PhysicalSetting124DispositionTowardtheTopic124DispositionTowardtheSpeaker126DispositionTowardtheOccasion127Luc3564x_fm_i-00110/4/0512:16PMPageviiUsingYourOwnKnowledgeandExperience140DoingLibraryResearch141Librarians141TheCatalogue141PeriodicalDatabases142Newspapers145ReferenceWorks146SearchingtheInternet149SearchAids149KeywordSearches151SubjectSearches152Bookmarks152SpecializedResearchResources153EvaluatingInternetDocuments156CitingInternetSources158Interviewing159BeforetheInterview160DuringtheInterview162AftertheInterview163TipsforDoingResearch164StartEarly164MakeaPreliminaryBibliography164TakeNotesEfficiently166ThinkAboutYourMaterialsasYouResearch168viiiCONTENTSCHAPTER6GatheringMaterials138GettingInformationAbouttheAudience127Interviewing128Questionnaires128AdaptingtotheAudience131AudienceAdaptationBeforetheSpeech132AudienceAdaptationDuringtheSpeech133Luc3564x_fm_i-00110/4/0512:16PMPageviiiOrganizationIsImportant206MainPoints207NumberofMainPoints209StrategicOrderofMainPoints210TipsforPreparingMainPoints215SupportingMaterials217Connectives219Transitions219InternalPreviews220InternalSummaries220Signposts221SupportingMaterialsandCriticalThinking177Examples178BriefExamples178ExtendedExamples179HypotheticalExamples179TipsforUsingExamples180Statistics183UnderstandingStatistics184TipsforUsingStatistics187WheretoFindStatistics191Testimony192ExpertTestimony193PeerTestimony194QuotingVersusParaphrasing194TipsforUsingTestimony195SampleSpeechwithCommentary197ContentsixCHAPTER8OrganizingtheBodyoftheSpeechCHAPTER7SupportingYourIdeas204174PARTIIISPEECHPREPARATION:ORGANIZINGANDOUTLININGLuc3564x_fm_i-00110/4/0512:16PMPageixxCONTENTSCHAPTER10OutliningtheSpeechThePreparationOutline254GuidelinesforthePreparationOutline254SamplePreparationOutlinewithCommentary260TheSpeakingOutline263GuidelinesfortheSpeakingOutline263SampleSpeakingOutlinewithCommentary266CHAPTER9BeginningandEndingtheSpeech226TheIntroduction228GetAttentionandInterest228RevealtheTopic236EstablishCredibilityandGoodwill237PreviewtheBodyoftheSpeech238SampleIntroductionwithCommentary241TipsforPreparingtheIntroduction242TheConclusion242SignaltheEndoftheSpeech242ReinforcetheCentralIdea244SampleConclusionwithCommentary247TipsforPreparingtheConclusion248252Luc3564x_fm_i-00110/4/0512:16PMPagexContentsxiLanguageIsImportant272MeaningsofWords274UsingLanguageAccurately275UsingLanguageClearly277UseFamiliarWords277ChooseConcreteWords280EliminateClutter281UsingLanguageVividly282Imagery283Rhythm285UsingLanguageA