国际贸易实务英文名词解释(英to英)

国际贸易实务英文名词解释（英to英）What’sInternationalTrade?Theinternationaltradeistheexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinonecountryforgoodsandservicesproducedinanothercountry.EXPORTINGExportingistheprocessofearningmoneybyprovidingtherightproductattherightpriceattherighttimeintherightplacebeyondyourhomeboundary.Theultimategoalistomakesurethattheexporteristobepaidforthegoodshesells.EXWEXWmeansthesellerdeliverswhenheplacesthegoodsatthedisposalofthebuyerattheseller’spremises(法定地址)oranothernamedplace.Thesellerdoesn’tnotdeclarethegoodsforexportandheneedn’tloadgoodsonanycollectingvehicle.FASFreealongsideshipmeansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodsareplacedalongsidethevesselatnamedportofshipment.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallcostsandrisksofthegoodsfromthatmoment.FOBFreeonBoardmeansthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspasstheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallthecostsandrisksfromthatpoint.TheFOBtermsrequirethesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.CFRCostandfreightmeansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspassship’srailatthenamedportofshipmentCIFCIFmeansthatthesellerbearsthesameobligationsasunderCFR.Inadditionalthathehastoprocuremarineinsuranceagainstthebuyer’sriskoflossordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.Thesellercontractsforinsuranceandpaytheinsurancepremium.FCA,Freecarrier(…Namedplace)Itmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenhehashandedoverthegoods,clearedforexport,intothecustodyofthecarriernamedbythebuyeratthenamedplaceorpoint.Ifnoprecisepointisindicatedbythebuyer,thesellermaychoosewithintheplaceorrangestipulatedwherethecarriershalltakechargeofthegoods.When,accordingtocommercialpractices,theseller’sassistanceisrequiredinmakingthecontractwiththecarrier,thesellermayactatthebuyer’sriskandexpenses.CPT,Carriagepaidto(…namedplaceofdestination)运费付至（…指定目的地）Itmeansthatthesellerpaysthefreightforthecarriageofthegoodstothenameddestination,theriskof,lossof,ordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimethegoodshavebeendeliveredtothecarrier,istransferredfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthegoodshavebeendeliveredintothecustodyofthecarrier.CIP,Carriageandinsurancepaidto(…namedplaceofdestination)运费保险费付至（…指定目的地）ItmeansthatthesellerhasthesameobligationsasunderCPTbutwiththeadditionthatthesellerhastoprocurecargoinsuranceagainstthebuyer’sriskof,lossof,ordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.Thesellercontractsforinsuranceandpaystheinsurancepremium.DES,DeliveredExShip(…namedportofdestination)船上交货（…指定目的港）Itmeansthatthesellershallmakethegoodsavailabletothebuyeronboardtheshipatthedestinationnamedinthesalescontract.Thesellerhastobearthefullcostandrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodsthere.DEQ,DeliveredexQuay(…namesportofdestination)码头交货（…指定目的港）Itmeansthatthesellermakesthegoodsavailabletothebuyeronthequayatthedestinationnamedinthesalescontract.Thesellerhastobearthefullcostandrisksinvolvedonbringingthegoodsthere.DDU,DeliveredDutyUnpaid(…namedplaceofdestination)未完税交货（…指定目的地）Itmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenthegoodshavebeenmadeavailableatthenamedplaceinthecountryofimportation.Thesellerhastobearallthecostsandrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodsthere,aswellasthecostandriskofcarryingoutcustomsformalitiesforexport.Thebuyerhastopayanyadditionalcostsandbearanyriskscausedbyhisfailuretoclearthegoodsforimportintime.DDP，DeliveredDutyPaid(…namedplaceofdestination)完税后交货（…指定目的地）Itmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenthegoodshavebeenmadeavailableatthenamedplaceinthecountryofimportation.Thesellerhastobearalltherisksandcostsincludingduties,taxesandotherchargesfordeliveringthegoods,clearingforimportation.Itrepresentsthemaximumobligationbornebytheseller.DAF,DeliveredAtFrontier(…namedplace)边境交货（…指定地点）Itmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenthegoodshavebeenmadeavailable,clearedforexport,atthenamedpointofplaceatthefrontier,butbeforethecustomsborderofthecountrynamedinthesalescontract.QualityofgoodsThequalityofgoodsreferstotheoutwardappearanceandtheessentialqualityofthegoods,suchasshape,structure,color,flavorswellaschemicalcomposition,physicalandmechanicalproperty,biologicalfeature,etc.Ininternationaltrade,qualityofthegoodsnotonlyconcernsthevalueinuseandthepriceofthegoods,butalsoconcernsthesalesofthegoodsandcreditstandingofthemanufacturer.Salebysamples.Thesamplereferstothearticlewhichcanbeusedtorepresentthequalityofthewholelot.Salebysampleincludestreecases,i.e.,salebytheseller’ssampleandsale,salebythebuyer’ssampleandsalebycountersampleSalebyactualquality:（以实际品质交货）Inthiscase,thebuyerorhisagentexaminesthegoodsatseller’splaceatfirst.Aftertheyconcludeadeal,thesellershalldeliverthegoodsaccordingtothegoodsexamined.Salebydescription:（以说明表示）Ininternationalbusiness,mostcommoditiesaresuitabletosalebydescriptionwhichcanbesubdividedinto7kindsSalebyspecification:（凭规格买卖）Thespecificationofthegoodsreferstocertainmainindicatorswhichindicatethequalityofthegoods,suchascomposition,content,purity,size,length,etc.Salebygrade:（凭等级买卖）Thegradeofthegoodsreferstotheclassificationsofthecommodityofthegoodswhichisindicatedbywords,n