英语听力教程_第三册_答案

Unit1IstheEarthBeingSqueezedDry?TrainingFocusDevelopingtheskillofoutliningisamajortrainingfocusforthisunit.Anditwillremainatrainingfocusformanyotherunitsinthisbook.Thecontentofthisunitcentersaroundsomeenvironmentalissuesincludingglobalwarming,deforestation,watershortageandsoon.Thelisteningmaterialsaremainlyintheformsofinterviewsandreports.Pleasefocusonthespeaker’slineofthoughtwhilelistening.Youmayhaveaquicklookattheoutlinesintheexercisesbeforehandsoastoobtainsomecuesaboutwhattocome,wheretopinpointtheanswers,andhowtoorganizetheinformation.Youshouldalsopayattentiontothespecialvalueofsomekeywordsintheoutlines,suchasproblems,effectsandactions.Thesekeywordshelpsingleoutandgroupthemostimportantpiecesofinformationintheutterances.PartIExerciseBListentotwoshortextractions.Writedowntheenvironmentalissuesmentionedinthem.1.burningoftheforests/treeremoval(deforestation)/reductionoftheworld’srainforests2.globalwarming/greenhouseeffect/emissionsofCO2PartIIExerciseAListentothefirstpartofaninterview.Notedownthekeywordsinthenotescolumn.Thenanswerthequestions.Key:1.MorepeoplemorefirewoodfewertreesMoredomesticanimalmoreplantsfeweravailableplantsmoredesertmovesouthdesertexpandingsouthnograss2.Growingcropsstabilizesoil,withoutthemthetopsoiljustblowsaway.Butifthereisn’tenoughrainthecropsdon’tgrow.3.Peopletrytogrowfoodtosupportthemselvesorthecreaterancheswherecattlecanberaised,ortogethardwoodforexport,ortomakewayforanironoremine.ExerciseBListentoamoreauthenticversionofthefirstpartoftheinterview.Completetheoutline.Outline(I)I.EnvironmentalproblemsindifferentcontinentsA.Africa1.SaharaDesertexpansion2.nograssforanimalstoeat(EastAfrica)B.NorthAmerica&mostofEurope1.situation—intensivefarming/agriculture2.potentialproblem—topsoilblowingawayC.SouthAmerica,CentralAfrica&SouthernAsia1.problem—tropicalforestsdestruction2.consequencesa.soilthinunproductivewastelandb.animal/plantspeciesbecomingextinctc.climatechangeforthewholeworldPartIIIExerciseAListentothesecondinterview.Notedownthekeywordsinthenotescolumn.Thenanswerthequestions.1.Treeswouldholdrainfallintheirroots.Whenforestsinthehigherup-riverhavebeendestroyed,alltherainthatfallsinthemonsoonseasonflowsstraightintotheriverandstartstheflooding.2.Heimpliesthatsomenationalgovernmentsjustconsidertheresultsoftheirpoliciesinthenearfuture,orjustthinkasfaraheadasthenextelection.ExerciseBListentoamoreauthenticversionofthesecondinterview.Completetheoutline.Outline(II)II.Reasonsforsome“natural”disasters—mainlyman-madeA.floodinginBangladeshB.floodinginSudanIII.ActiontobetakenA.nationalgovernments—forward-lookingB.populationcontrolC.stoppingusinghardwoodforfurnituremakingD.educatingpeopletorealizetheconsequencesPartIVListentothematerial.Completetheoutline.OutlineI.WarmingupoftheworldA.averagetemperatureB.yearlyincreaseII.CausesofglobalwarmingIII.EffectsofglobalwarmingA.greatchangesinrainfallB.riseinthesealevelC.reducedpotentialoffoodproductionD.healthandsocialproblems1.environmentalrefugees2.changeofpatternsofdistributionofinsectsandinfectiveagents3.changeofpatternsofheat-relatedfoodpoisoning,etc.IV.TimetotakeactionPartVExerciseA1:F2:F3:F4:F5:TExerciseCNowlistentosomesimpletipstohelpyouSaveIt—saveenergy.Completethedo’sanddon’ts.Do’sDon’tsRough-dryyourtowelsandnylonthingsDon’tattempttoironeverything.Cutoutunnecessarylighting.Don’tturntheironuptoohigh.Dowithoutawall-fireifyoucan.Don’tleavethekettletoboilaway.De-frostthefridgeregularly.Don’tfillthekettletothebrimforonlyacupoftea.Beforeusingyourwashingmachine,waituntilyou’veafullload.Don’tputhotfoodinthefridge.CookacompletemealintheovenandSaveItontheringsandgrill.Tapescript:Don’tattempttoironeverything.Rough-dryyourtowelsandnylonthings.Trustthethermostatonyouriron—don’tturnituptoohigh.Don’tleavethekettletoboilaway.Anydon’tfillittothebrimforonlyacupoftea!Cutoutunnecessarylighting.Everylittlehelps.SaveItonheating.Dowithoutawall-fireifyoucan.Defrostthefridgeregularly.Icebuild-upwastesfuel.Don’tputhotfoodineither—ifyoudo,thefridgehastoworkovertime.Itmakesenergysensetowaituntilyou’veafullloadbeforeusingyourwashingmachine.CookacompletemealintheovenandSaveItontheringsandgrills.Roastchicken,veg,andbakedsweettofollow?DictationGenerationsofAmericanshavebeenbroughtuptobelieve/thatagoodbreakfastisoneoflife’sessentials./Eatingbreakfastatthestartoftheday,/wehaveallbeentold,/isasnecessaryasputtinggasolineintothefamilycarbeforestartingatrip./Butformanypeople/thethoughtoffoodasthefirstthinginthemorningisbynomeansapleasure./Sodespitealltheefforts,/theystilltakenobreakfast./Between1977and1983,/thelatestyearforwhichfiguresareavailable,/thenumberofpeoplewhodidn’thavebreakfast/increasedby33percentfrom8.8millionto11.7million/—accordingtotheChicago-basedMarketResearchCorporationofAmerica./Forthosewhofeelpainorguiltaboutnoteatingbreakfast,however,/thereissomegoodnews./Severalstudiesinthelastfewyearsindicate/thattheremaybenothingwrongwithomittingbreakfast.Notes:京都议定书(KyotoProtocol)为了21世纪的地球免受气候变暖的威胁，１９９７年１２月，１４９个国家和地区的代表在日本东京召开《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方第三次会议，经过紧张而艰难的谈判，会议通过了旨在限制发达