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Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars语言要点（模块）Ⅰ.词语辨析1.loudly/loud/aloud【解释】loudlyadv响亮地，高声地loudadj/adv与sing,speak,talk连用aloudadv相对默读而言；出声【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1).Willyoupleasespeak______?2).ItisgoodforyoutoreadEnglish______everymorning.3).Thebombexploded______.4).Ishervoice______enough?5).Actionspeaks______thanwords(事实胜于雄辩).Keys:1).louder2).aloud3).loudly4).loud5).louder2.unlike/dislike【解释】unlikeprep.不像，和……不同adj.[作表语]不相似；不同dislikevt./n.不喜爱，厌恶【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1).Agoodhotelmanagershouldknowhisregularguests’likesand______.2).Herlatestnovelisquite______herearlierwork.3).Ifyougoonlikethatyou’llgetyourself_______(like).4).Iwasveryinterestedinthelecture,______manyofthestudents.Keys:1).dislikes2).unlike3).disliked4).unlike3.remain/leave【解释】remainvi.仍然是；留下；剩下常用句型：remain+n.仍然是remain+adj./adv./prep.仍然是remain+v-ed/v-ing仍然是remaintobedone有待去做，依然要做leavevt.剩下，忽略或未拿或未带（某物），使或让（某人、事物）处某状态﹑某地等常用句型：leavesb.sth./leavesth.tosb.给某人留下某物leavesth(forsb)留下，交待下(某物)leavesthtosb将某物遗赠给某人remaining/left两者都可以作形容词，表示“剩下的”，前者用于被修饰的名词之前，后者用于被修饰的名词之后。【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1).Someone______youthisnotewhileyouwereout.2).Aftertheearthquake,little______ofthevillage.3).Heusedthe______moneytobuyadictionary.4).Afterbuyingthedictionary,hehadnotmuchmoney______.5).Arrivinghome,IfoundthatI’d______mykeyintheoffice.6).Don’tleaveher______(wait)outsideintherain.7).Sheremained_______(change)afteralltheseyears.8).Agreatmanythingsremain_______(do).Keys:1).left2).remained3).remaining4).left5).left6).waiting7).unchanged8).tobedone4.climate/weather【解释】climate指从长时间的范围来看某地的平均气候或经常性的气候；weather指某地一时的天气，如寒暖、晴雨和干湿的变化情况。【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1).Weshallgooutforapicnictomorrowifthe_______isfine.2).Adrier_______wouldbegoodforyourhealth.3).Icouldn’timaginewhatitwouldbeliketoliveinahot________.4).The_______ofourcountryismild,butindividualplacesexperiencebad________.Keys:1).weather2).climate3).climate4).climate;weather5.nowthat/since/because/as【解释】都可引导原因状语从句，语气最强的是because，引导直接而明确的原因，也用来回答why的问句或用于强调句型；其次是since/nowthat，表示已知或明显的原因，再次是as，引导的原因是不言而喻、显而易见的；for引导的是并列分句，表推测或判断的原因，前面有逗号隔开。【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1)._______everybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.2)Itwas_______hewasillthathedidn’tgotoschool.3).Itmusthaverainedlastnight,_______thegroundisallwet.4)._______wearealone,wecanspeakfreely.Keys:1).since/nowthat2).because3).for4).Now(that)Ⅱ.词性变化1.violentadj.强暴的，猛烈的violencen.暴力，强暴；猛烈violentlyadv.强暴地；猛烈地2.fundamentaladj.基本(础)的n.[pl.]基本原则(法则)fundamentallyadv.基本地；根本地fundamentn.基础；根本3.developmentn.生长，发展；新情况developvt.发展；产生vi.生长；发展developedadj.发达的developingadj.发展的4.layvt.放下；摆设；产(蛋)lay---laid---laid---layinglievi.躺，平放；位于lie---lay---lain---lyinglien.&vi.谎话；说谎lie---lied---lied---lying5.preventvt.预防，防止preventionn.预防；阻止；妨碍preventableadj.可防止的，可预防的6.gentleadj.和蔼的；轻柔的gentlyadv.温和地；静静地7.physicsn.物理，物理学physicistn.物理学家physicaladj.身体的；物理(学)的；物质的【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1).Thenaughtyboy_______(lie)tomethatthehenthat_______(lie)therejustnowhad______(lay)twoeggsthedaybefore.2).Inmyopinion,________(prevent)ismoreimportantthantreatment.3).SomeprogramsontheInternetarefullof________(violent)andsex.4).Withthe________(develop)ofmodernindustry,moreandmorepollutioniscaused.5).Chinaisa________(develop)countrybelongtothethirdworld.6).Thereare________(fundament)differencesbetweenyourreligiousbeliefsandmine.7).Hisambitionistobecomeagreat________(physics).Keys:1).lied;lay;laid2).prevention3).violence4).development5).developing6).fundamental7).physicistⅢ.重点词汇1.systemn.[c]系统；体系；制度；方法systematicadj有系统的;有条理的[典例]1).Thesolarsystemincludesthesunanditseightplanets.太阳系包括太阳和它的八颗行星。2).Alcoholisbadforyoursystem.喝酒对身体有害。[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子。1).The____________(教育系统)operatesverydifferentlyintheUSandChina.2).Heintroducedusawell-designed____________(铁路系统).Keys:1).educationalsystem2).railwaysystem2.layvt.(laid,laid,laying)把放下；摆设；铺(地毯)；产(蛋)[典例]1).Helaidhishandonmyshoulder.他把手放在我的肩上。2).Whoshouldwelaytheblameon?我们该责备谁?[重点用法]lay短语：layeggs下蛋laysth.aside把某物放在一边；积蓄（钱）laysth.down把某物放下laytheblameonsb.责备某人laythetable摆桌子layemphasis/stressonsth.把重点放在某事上[练习]根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1).Thebird______itseggsinotherbirds’nests.2).Heisapoliticalleaderthat____________________(非常强调)individualresponsibility.3).He______somemoney______forrainydays.Keys:1).lays2).laysgreatstresson3).lays/puts;aside3.harmfuladj.有害的；伤害的harmn.&vt.伤害（某人）[典例]Manypeopleareawareoftheharmfuleffectsofsmoking.很多人都意识到吸烟的危害。[重点用法]beharmfultosb./sth.对……有害doharmtosb.=dosb.harm=harmsb.对……有害；伤害……[练习]根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1).Everyoneknowsthatsmokingis______toyourhealth.2).Inmanycases,toomuchcareforchildrenfromparentsmightevendo______totheirgrowth.3).在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。_______________________________________________________________________________Keys:1).harmful2).harm3).Readinginthesundoesalotofharmtoyoureyes.=Readinginthesundoesyoureyesalotofharm.=Readinginthesunisveryharmfultoyoureyes.4.existvi.存在；生存existencen.存在[典例]1).DoeslifeexistonMars?火星上有生命吗?2).IcanhardlyexistonthewageI’mgetting.我靠我挣的工资简直难以餬口。[重点用法]exist+prep.存在于地方existonsth.靠某物生存[练习]用exist的短语或其适当形式填空。1).Thisplant______only______Australia.2).Canyou_______