Book3Unit4Astronomy:theScienceoftheStars词汇短语课型导学案(教师版)一.学习过程Part1重点词汇、短语Ⅰ.重点词汇1.systemn.系统;体系;制度2.theoryn.学说;理论3.violentadj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的4.unlikeprep.不同;不像5.harmfuladj.有害的6.exist存在;生存7.pull拉;拖;牵引力8.puzzlen.谜;难题9.astronomern.天文学家10.atmospheren.大气层11.violentadj.猛烈的12.globaladj.全球性的Ⅱ.重点短语1.intime及时;终于2.layeggs下蛋3.givebirthto产生;分娩4.inone’sturn轮到某人;接着5.preventfrom阻止;制止6.cheerup感到高兴7.breakout突发;爆发8.nowthat既然9.watchout当心;提防;密切关注10.intime及时Part2合作探究Discussingroupsandfillintheblanks1.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalldirections.然而,一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是:宇宙起源于一次大爆炸,这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。1)theoryn.学说;理论〖拓展〗intheory理论上inpractice实际上〖运用〗Yourideaisgoodintheory,butitdoesn'tworkinpractice.你的计划理论上很好,但在实际中行不通。2)beginwith从……中开始〖拓展〗tobeginwith=tostartwith以......开始〖运用〗知识开始于实践。Knowledgebeginswithpractice.2.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.地球变得如此激烈动荡,不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。violentadj.猛烈的;激烈的;粗暴的〖拓展〗violencen.暴力;猛烈violentlyadv.暴力地;猛烈地〖运用〗用violent的适当形式填空:Afterrunning,hisheartbeatsviolently.Whenthemangotdrunk,hebecameveryviolent.Toomuchviolenceisshownontelevision.3.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。intime(forsth./todosth.)及时;终于;总有一天〖拓展〗ontime准时atnotime绝不atonetime曾经;一度;同时innotime立刻;马上aheadoftime提前attimes有时onceuponatime从前haveagoodtime玩得开心〖运用〗我们能及时到达车站吗?Canwegettothestationintime?如果你坚持下去,你总有一天会成功。Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceedintime.明天我将会准时到达那里。Iwillarrivethereontimetomorrow.4.WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.在像火星这些其他行星上也出现了水,但和地球不同的是,这些水后来都消失了。unlikeprep.不同;不像adj.不同的;不相似的〖拓展〗dislikev.不喜欢;讨厌〖运用〗和我妹妹不同,我不喜欢跑步。Unlikemysister,Idislikerunning.这两个问题是完全不同的。Thetwoproblemsarequiteunlike.5.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.很多科学家相信,由于地球上长期有水存在,使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。harmfuladj.有害的harmn./v.损害;伤害harmlessadj.无害的〖拓展〗beharmfulto=doharmto对......有害〖运用〗吸烟有害健康。Smokingisharmfultohealth.太多的阳光可能有害。Toomuchsuncanbeharmful.6.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.他们也下蛋,并在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。1)layvt.(laid,laid,laying)放置;摆放;产蛋layeggs下蛋〖拓展〗撒谎:lie---lied---lied---lying躺,位于:lie---lay---lain---lying放置,摆放,下蛋:lay---laid---laid---laying〖例句〗Theboylyingunderthetreeliedtohisfriendthathiscocklaideggs.躺在树下的那个男孩向他的朋友撒谎说他的公鸡下蛋了。2)existvi.存在;生存existencen.存在;生存existentadj.存在的〖拓展〗existin存在于...中existon靠...生活existas作为...而存在;以....形态存在comeintoexistence产生;成立;开始存在Thereexists/existed...某地有...;存在...〖例句〗Thereexistsnothingwithoutwaterandair.没有空气和水,一切都不存在。〖运用〗他靠微薄的收入生活。Heexistsonalowsalary.鱼离开水就不能活。Fishcan’texistoutofwater.7.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheygavebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.哺乳动物不同于以往所有的生物形式,因为他们能从体内分娩出幼仔并给幼仔哺乳。givebirthto产生;分娩〖拓展〗atbirth在出生时bybirth在血统上;天生地;生来〖运用〗她生了一个健康的女孩。Shegavebirthtoahealthygirl.那次非凡的经历诞生了他最新的一部小说。Theextraordinaryexperiencegavebirthtohislatestnovel.8.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.于是,他们接着成为这个行星上最重要的动物。inone’sturn轮到某人;接着〖拓展〗inturn依次;反过来byturns轮流地taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事〖运用〗今天轮到我值日。Iwasondutyonmyturn.我们轮流驾车。Wedrovethecarbyturns.他们轮流照顾他们生病的父亲。Theytaketurnstolookaftertheirsickfather.9.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。prevent...from阻止;制止〖例句〗Theteacher’swordspreventedthestudentsfrommakingfoolishmistakes.〖拓展〗相关短语:stopsb.(from)doingsth.阻止某人做某事(=keepsb.fromdoingsth.)〖运用〗她的突然到来使他不能外出。Hersuddenarrivalpreventedhimfromgoingout.这位教授得了一种病,这种病使他不能讲话了。Theprofessorhasadiseasewhichpreventshimfromspeaking.10.Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.地球上的生命是如何起源的,这是科学家们觉得最难解决的一个谜团。puzzlen.谜;难题v.(使)迷惑;(使)为难puzzlingadj.使迷惑的puzzledadj.迷惑的;困惑的〖拓展〗feel/bepuzzledaboutsth.对某事感到迷惑puzzleover/aboutsth.对某事苦苦思索〖运用〗这个字母使我迷惑不解。Thisletterpuzzlesme.她对她的未来感到迷惑。Shefeltpuzzledaboutherfuture.他昨晚冥思苦想一道数学题。Hepuzzledover/aboutamathproblemlastnight.11.Asaresultofthisevent,agreatdustcloudformedintheskyblockingoutthesunlight.因为这一事件,一大团尘埃在空中形成,挡住了阳光。1)asaresultof作为结果;由于〖拓展〗asaresult结果;因此〖运用〗雨太大,所以我来晚了。Asaresultoftherain,Iwaslate.他由于受伤而死亡。Shediedasaresultofinjuries.结果,我们通过了考试。Asaresult,wepasstheexam.2)blockout挡住(光线)〖运用〗那堵墙把光线都遮住了。Thatwallblocksoutthelight.我们用窗帘挡住阳光。Weusethecurtaintoblockoutthesunshine.12.thatacometcrashedintotheearthlongagoandcausedthedisappearance.crashintov.撞上;闯入〖例句〗Themotorcyclecrashedintothefence.摩托车猛地撞在了围栏上。〖运用〗飞机撞毁在山上了。Theplanecrashedintothemountain.13.“Ohdear,”Icried,“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”“天呐,”我大声说,“重力改变了,看来走路也的确需要练一练了。nowthat既然;由于〖运用〗既然你很忙,就让我替你做吧。Nowthatyouarebusy,letmedoitforyou.既然已经完成了工作,你就应该好好休息一下。Nowthatyouhavefinishedyourwork,youhadbettertakeagoodrest.14.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceastheearth’sgravityincreased.我们惊奇地看着,随着地球引力的增加,宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。b