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2014-2015-2FinalReviewonBritishCultureI.Gap-filling:(20%,1foreach)1.Britainconsistoffournations，includingEngland,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.2.ThefullnameoftheUnitedKingdomisGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.3.Britainisacountrywithahistoryofinvasions,in43ADBritainwasinvadedbyRoman,inthelate8thcenturytheyexperiencedVikingsraidsfromScandinaviaandinthe11thcenturytheysufferedinvasionsfromNormans.4.TheAnglo-SaxonsbegantosettleinBritainin5thcentury.5.TheislandofGreatBritainismadeupofEngland,ScotlandandWales.6.LondonplaysasignificantroleinBritisheconomicandculturallife.It’snotonlythefinancialcenterofthenation,butalsooneofthreemajorinternationalfinancialcentersinworld.7.NametwoScottishcitieswhichhaveancientandinternationallyrespecteduniversities:EdinburghandGlasgow.8.ThecapitalofScotlandisEdinburghwhichiswell-knownforitsnaturalbeauty.9.In1979,（theConservativeparty）underThachercameintopowerandcarriedoutaprogramofprivatization.10.SincethediscoveryofoilandgasundertheNorthSea,Britainhasgainedastrongpositionintheoffshoreoilindustry.11.ThemaindutyoftheBritishPrivyCouncilistogiveadvice.12.ThepoliciesoftheConservativePartyarecharacterizedbypragmatismandprivatization13.Strictlyspeaking,theParliamenttodayconsistsoftheHouseofLords,theHouseofCommonsandTheQueen.14.Oneoftheoldestoftheearly“oldEnglish”literaryworksiscalledBeowulf.15.TheCanterburyTalesisgenerallyregardedasGeoffreyChaucer’smasterpiece.16.NamethefourtragedieswrittenbyShakespeare:HamletOthello，KingLearandMacbeth17.ThemostsignificantachievementoftheEnglishRenaissanceisdrama.18.cricketisthenationalsportinEngland,whilefootballisthemostpopularone.19.NamethefourcomedieswrittenbyShakespeare:AMidSummerNight’sDream,TheMerchantofVenice，TwelfthNightandAsYouLikeIt.20.CharlotteBronteandEmilyBrontearenotedfortheirnovelsJaneEyreandWutheringHeightswhicharelargelythelovestoriesofawomanforaman.21.TheUnitedKingdomhasbeenamemberofUnionsince1973.22.TheUKhasatotalareaofapproximately245000km²,almostaquarter-of-a-millionsquarekilometers.23.ThedistinctiveBritishtrafficruleisleft-driving.24.ThemostpopulardishinEnglandisfishandchips.25.__TheChampionships,Wimbledon__isoneofthefourmostfamousGrandSlamtennistournaments,theothersaretheAustraliaOpen,,theFrenchOpen(RolandGarros)andtheUSOpen26.TheTudorperiodstartedfromHenryVIIafterhedefeatedtheHouseofYorkintheWarofRosesin1485,andendedwiththedeathoftheQueenElizabethI(伊丽莎白一世)on24thMarch1603after45yearsonthethrone.II.DefinitionExplaining:20%(5foreach)1.TheCanterburyTales:(《坎特伯雷故事集》:)TheCanterburytalesisthemostimportantworkinMiddleEnglishLiterature.It’smadeupofaseriesofstoriestoldby31pilgrimstoentertaineachotherontheirwaytotheChristianchurchatCanterburyinsouth-eastEngland.It’squitenoticeableforitsdiversity,notonlyintherangeofsocialstatusamongthepilgrims,butalsoinstyleofthestoriestheytell.《坎特伯雷故事集》是中古英语文学中最重要的工作。它由一系列的故事告诉31朝圣者互相娱乐去基督教教堂在英格兰东南部的坎特伯雷。很明显的多样性,不仅在社会地位在朝圣者的范围,而且在它们所讲述的故事的风格。2.WilliamShakespeare:(威廉·莎士比亚:)HewasanEnglishdramatistandpoetintheElizabethanage.HeisgenerallyregardedasthegreatestplaywrightinEnglishliterature.Hisplaysfallintothreecatagories:TragediessuchasHamlet,comediessuchasMerchantofVeniceandhistoricalplayslikeCharlesII.他是一个在伊丽莎白时代的英国剧作家、诗人。人们普遍认为他是英国文学中最伟大的剧作家。他的戏剧可分为三大类:如《哈姆雷特》的悲剧喜剧,如威尼斯商人和历史戏剧就像查理二世。3.RedBrickUniversity;(红砖大学)Allofthesixoriginalredbrickinstitutions,ortheirpredecessorinstitutes,gaineduniversitystatusbeforeWorldWarIandwereinitiallyestablishedascivicscienceorengineeringcolleges.所有六个原始的红砖机构,或他们的前任机构、获得大学地位在第一次世界大战前,最初建立公民科学或工程大学。伯明翰大学（UniversityofBirmingham）布里斯托大学（UniversityofBristol）谢菲尔德大学（UniversityofSheffield）利兹大学（UniversityofLeeds）利物浦大学（UniversityofLiverpool）曼彻斯特大学（UniversityofManchester）4.Fry-up:(煎鸡蛋)Aneasilypreparedandquicklycookeddishoffriedfood,esp.ofcoldfoodheatedupinafrying-pan;also,thepreparationofsuchadish.ItisaninformalexpressioninBritishEnglish.容易准备,很快就煮菜油炸食品,特别是寒冷的食物加热煎锅,这样一道菜的准备。这是一个非正式的表达在英国英语。5.Easter:(复活节:)→thefirstSundayfollowingthefullmoonthatoccursonornextafterMarch21(SpringEquinox).→Thisfestivaloccursinthespring,whichcommemoratesresurrectionofJesusChristfromthedeadthreedaysafterhiscrucifixionbyRomans.→ItisthemostimportantChristianfestivalformanychurch-goers.→满月后的第一个星期日发生后或明年3月21日(春分)。→这个节日发生在春天,它是为了纪念耶稣基督从死里复活三天后他被罗马人受难。→这是许多虔诚的基督教最重要的基督教节日。6.GoodFriday:(耶稣受难日)GoodFridayoccurstwodaysbeforeEasterSundayintheUnitedStates.ItisthedaywhenChristianscommemorateJesusChrist'scrucifixion,whichplaysanimportantpartintheChristianfaith.ItisnotafederalholidayintheUnitedStates,althoughitisastateholidayinsomestates.星期五发生在复活节前两天在美国。它是基督教徒纪念耶稣基督的受难的日子,而在基督教信仰中扮演一个重要组成部分。它不是一个联邦节日在美国,虽然在一些州是一个国家的节日。7.BoxingDay:(节礼日)theoldcustomandatypicalBritishtraditioncelebratedonthedayafterChristmas.PeopleusedtogiveChristmasgiftsormoney,or‘Christmasbox',totheirstaff,employeesortradesmen(suchasthemilkman)orservantsonthisday古老的习俗和一个典型的英国传统庆祝圣诞节后的第二天。人们用来给圣诞礼物或钱,或者圣诞节礼物,员工,员工或商人(比如送奶工)或仆人在这一天。8.TroopingtheColour:(皇家军队阅兵)•TheQueen'sbirthdayparadeisthebiggestroyaleventoftheyear.•QueentroopsoftheHouseholdDivision(FootGuardandHouseho